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arXiv · 2609.06280

Exploring the Initial Performance of NB-IoT NTN over GEO: Measurement and Analysis

Xiong Wang·Yumin Du·Bin Gu·Zheng Lin·Xiaoyang Li·Yi Gong·Wei Gong·Linghe Kong
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Abstract

With the standardization of Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN) to provide direct satellite connectivity to massive, low-power Internet of Things (IoT) devices, 3GPP IoT-NTN bridges the worlds of cellular and satellite communications. While holding great potential for global connectivity with IoT devices, there exist several concerns about the system performance of IoT-NTN over Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO), which covers multiple dimensions such as end-to-end delay and energy consumption considering the ultra-long transmission distance from ground IoT terminals to GEO satellite. To answer these concerns, we have conducted the first comprehensive and in depth measurement for NB-IoT NTN over GEO. Based on real NB-IoT NTN testbeds including both Skylo and Tiantong, measurements covering more than six months confirm that the available implementation of NB-IoT NTN remains in the initial stage. Amplified by ultra-long Round-Trip Time (RTT) between ground IoT terminals and GEO satellite, there exists plenty of time and energy consumption during the access process. Interestingly, it also reveals that as an energy-saving mechanism, Power Saving Mode (PSM) fundamentally reshapes NB-IoT NTN traffic into a bursty and access-driven communication pattern and thus has a considerable influence on the end-to-end delay and energy consumption. Finally, we propose corresponding optimization schemes to reduce the delay and energy, which lays a good foundation for the implementation of NB-IoT NTN in the near future.

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Xiong Wang, Yumin Du, Bin Gu, Zheng Lin, Xiaoyang Li, Yi Gong, Wei Gong, Linghe Kong. 2026-09-05. Exploring the Initial Performance of NB-IoT NTN over GEO: Measurement and Analysis. https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.06280

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