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arXiv · 2609.22054

A lower bound for $\langle 3,2,m \rangle$ matrix multiplication

Askar Tsyganov·Uliana Parkina·Sergey Samsonov·Maxim Rakhuba
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Abstract

We prove that, over any field, the bilinear complexity of multiplying a $3\times 2$ matrix by a $2\times m$ matrix is strictly greater than $24m/5$. In particular, every exact bilinear algorithm for multiplying a $3\times 2$ matrix by a $2\times 5$ matrix requires at least $25$ multiplications. Together with the Hopcroft-Kerr upper bound, this proves that the $\langle 3,2,5\rangle$ matrix multiplication tensor has rank exactly $25$. The proof has been formally verified in Lean 4, with the formalization available at https://github.com/fallnlove/mm325_proof.

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Askar Tsyganov, Uliana Parkina, Sergey Samsonov, Maxim Rakhuba. 2026-09-18. A lower bound for $\langle 3,2,m \rangle$ matrix multiplication. https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.22054

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