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arXiv · 2609.24277

How Many Pixels Is a Digit Worth? Place-Aware Coordinate Entropy for GUI Agent Confidence Estimation

Yunxiang Li·Xixin Wu·Helen Meng
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Abstract

GUI agents predict click coordinates as digit-token sequences, but standard text-LLM confidence estimation methods rank correct clicks from wrong ones only weakly. GUI-specific alternatives use K samples or new supervision, but still leave room for improvement. We trace part of this to place-value asymmetry: bounding-box correctness often makes higher-place digits more important than lower-place digits, so uniform aggregation weakens the signal that determines correctness. The fix is to weight each digit's Shannon entropy by its place value. We call this Place-Aware Coordinate Entropy (PACE). Across fixed-scale agents on ScreenSpot-Pro and ScreenSpot-v2, PACE wins both AUROC and selective accuracy on all primary comparisons in a single forward pass, matching or outperforming K-sample baselines at a fraction of the cost. PACE provides a per-click confidence estimate that turns coordinate-token internals into a practical confidence signal for GUI agent deployment.

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Yunxiang Li, Xixin Wu, Helen Meng. 2026-09-21. How Many Pixels Is a Digit Worth? Place-Aware Coordinate Entropy for GUI Agent Confidence Estimation. https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.24277

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