COILD: An Indic-Centric Parallel Corpus and Benchmark for Machine Translation Across Indian Languages

Kshetrimayum Boynao Singh; Nitin Kumar Mishra; Palash Pratim Dutta; Atai Waris Khan; Aparna Kaushik; Avinash Kumar; Deeksha; Deepak Kumar; Saroj Kumar Jha; Saloka Sengupta; Anansa Roy; Umalatha Kannoth; Saifulla Samar; Meena Sharma; Manpreet Kaur; Jyoti Sharma; Ashwini Vaidya; Muralikrishna SN; Md Shad Akhtar; Poonam Bansal; Amita Dev; Sanasam Ranbir Singh; Samit Bhattacharya; Tanmoy Chakraborty; Asif Ekbal

arXiv · 2609.28826

COILD: An Indic-Centric Parallel Corpus and Benchmark for Machine Translation Across Indian Languages

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Abstract

Machine translation (MT) for Indian languages remains constrained by the limited availability of high-quality, Indic-centric parallel corpora and evaluation benchmarks. Existing multilingual resources are largely constructed from English-pivot content and often fail to capture the linguistic diversity, cultural complexity, and domain-specific characteristics of Indian languages. We present COILD, an Indic-centric parallel corpus comprising over 1.16 million human-translated and human-verified sentence pairs, covering 20 Indian language pairs across the Indo-Aryan, Dravidian, Tibeto-Burman, and Austro-Asiatic language families. The corpus is built entirely from original Indian language sources collected from licensed repositories spanning eight domains with direct real-world applicability. Furthermore, we introduce a domain-centric benchmark comprising 2,000 expert-verified sentences to enable consistent multilingual and cross-lingual evaluation across Indian language pairs. To validate the effectiveness of COILD, we fine-tune two representative multilingual neural machine translation models, IndicTrans2-Distilled and NLLB-200. Experimental results demonstrate consistent improvements across language pairs, domains, automatic evaluation metrics, and human evaluation, highlighting the effectiveness of high-quality Indic-centric supervision. COILD provides a valuable training and evaluation resource for advancing multilingual machine translation and future multilingual language models for Indian languages.

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Kshetrimayum Boynao Singh, Nitin Kumar Mishra, Palash Pratim Dutta, Atai Waris Khan, Aparna Kaushik, Avinash Kumar, Deeksha, Deepak Kumar, Saroj Kumar Jha, Saloka Sengupta, Anansa Roy, Umalatha Kannoth, Saifulla Samar, Meena Sharma, Manpreet Kaur, Jyoti Sharma, Ashwini Vaidya, Muralikrishna SN, Md Shad Akhtar, Poonam Bansal, Amita Dev, Sanasam Ranbir Singh, Samit Bhattacharya, Tanmoy Chakraborty, Asif Ekbal. 2026-09-23. COILD: An Indic-Centric Parallel Corpus and Benchmark for Machine Translation Across Indian Languages. https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.28826

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