OREN-X: Octree Residual Network for Real-Time Multi-Modal Mapping

Zhirui Dai; Qihao Qian; Dinh Minh Nguyen; Quan-Dung Pham; Kiana Bronder; Carlos Nieto-Granda; Yiyu Chen; Quan Nguyen; Nikolay Atanasov

arXiv · 2609.29157

OREN-X: Octree Residual Network for Real-Time Multi-Modal Mapping

Zhirui Dai·Qihao Qian·Dinh Minh Nguyen·Quan-Dung Pham·Kiana Bronder·Carlos Nieto-Granda·Yiyu Chen·Quan Nguyen·Nikolay Atanasov

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Abstract

To achieve general-purpose autonomy over long horizons, a robot needs to maintain spatial environment information that supports a variety of tasks: geometry for planning and control, radiance for rendering and relocalization, and vision-language features for open-vocabulary grounding. Existing methods represent and estimate each modality separately, multiplying memory and compute cost while forgoing potential synergy among the representations. We develop OREN-X, an online mapping method that uses an octree in 3D space as a shared data structure for indexing and storing a multi-modal field, capturing geometric, radiance, and vision-language information. OREN-X provides efficient unified storage and retrieval of these data in explicit/implicit and full/compressed form. Our unified representation yields cross-modality synergy: SDF estimates are sharpened by occupancy and radiance, while GPU-based ray-octree traversal and octree query enable real-time rendering. We also use online dictionary learning to compress the vision-language features, shrinking them 3.7x below full per-vertex storage while raising the query accuracy. On Replica, OREN-X maps in real time (80+ fps for SDF and 30+ fps for all four modalities), improves near-surface SDF accuracy by 33% over single-modality baselines, and improves mean open-vocabulary 3D mIoU by 71% and mean accuracy by 61% over the best prior method.

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BibTeX RIS

Zhirui Dai, Qihao Qian, Dinh Minh Nguyen, Quan-Dung Pham, Kiana Bronder, Carlos Nieto-Granda, Yiyu Chen, Quan Nguyen, Nikolay Atanasov. 2026-09-24. OREN-X: Octree Residual Network for Real-Time Multi-Modal Mapping. https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.29157

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