Searcharxiv⌕ Search
Home/Archive/arXiv

arXiv · 2609.32600

CUA-SWE: When Computer-Use Agents Meet Visual Software Engineering

Prince Zizhuang Wang·Chenhao Liang·Zelong Xu·Aojie Yuan·Xiaolin Zhou·Haiyue Zhang·Yue Zhao·Xiyang Hu·Shuli Jiang
View original source ↗Read source document ↗Export metadata ↓

Abstract

Software development requires more than editing code: developers repeatedly run software, interact with its interfaces, visually inspect its behavior, and use these observations to decide what to change next and whether a change works. Existing coding agents and computer-use agents are largely studied in isolation, leaving this integrated development process underexplored. Diagnosing a runtime interaction failure requires agents to connect visual observations with the responsible code, then use the application again to verify the repair. We introduce CUA-SWE, a benchmark, environment, and evaluation pipeline for software engineering with computer use. Beyond studying how GUI feedback supports diagnosis and repair, we ask whether agents can complete software engineering tasks when required specification or operational information is available only through the running application's visual interface. CUA-SWE spans four software engineering domains and requires agents to modify code and configuration, execute commands, interact with running software, and inspect visual feedback within the same task. Each task includes deterministic, task-specific tests that verify whether the resulting software satisfies the requirements and preserves specified behavior. Our evaluation characterizes how frontier agents combine source-level execution with application screenshots and graphical interaction to produce verified software changes. We examine performance across domains and task information requirements, alongside the development behaviors associated with successful repairs. CUA-SWE provides a unified testbed for studying how agents use visual feedback and interaction to guide software engineering, with executable correctness criteria for the resulting software.

Explore related subjects

cs.AIcs.SE

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeXRIS

Prince Zizhuang Wang, Chenhao Liang, Zelong Xu, Aojie Yuan, Xiaolin Zhou, Haiyue Zhang, Yue Zhao, Xiyang Hu, Shuli Jiang. 2026-09-26. CUA-SWE: When Computer-Use Agents Meet Visual Software Engineering. https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.32600

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related papers

arXiv2026

Atomic Proximal Policy Optimization for Electric Robo-Taxi Dispatch and Charger Allocation

Pioneering companies such as Waymo have deployed electric robo-taxi services in several U.S. cities. Operating such fleets requires coordinating ride matching, vehicle repositioning, and battery charging in a stochastic environment while accounting for limited charging infrastructure. Understanding both how to design efficient, scalable control algorithms for large fleets and how charger deployment shapes system performance is therefore critical for robo-taxi operators. We model the operations of an electric robo-taxi system as a discrete-time Markov decision process with a long-run average reward objective. To efficiently evaluate system performance under different configurations, we develop a scalable deep reinforcement learning algorithm, Atomic Proximal Policy Optimization (Atomic-PPO), which reduces the action space using atomic action decomposition. The resulting training procedure requires only modest computational resources, making it practical to evaluate a large number of system configurations. We calibrate a simulation environment using real-world NYC for-hire vehicle trip records and benchmark Atomic-PPO against heuristic policies and a fluid-based reward upper bound. The results show that Atomic-PPO produces near-optimal fleet dispatching policies and serves as a reliable tool for system evaluation. We conduct extensive numerical experiments to evaluate how charging infrastructure and fleet size affect system performance. Our findings highlight the importance of ridership-based charger placement, balanced investments in charger quantity and charging speed, and joint planning of charging infrastructure and fleet size.

cs.AI↗
arXiv2026

Generalising from Self-Produced Data: Model Training Beyond Human Constraints

Current large language models (LLMs) are constrained by human-derived training data and limited by a single level of abstraction that impedes definitive truth judgments. This paper introduces a novel framework in which AI models autonomously generate and validate new knowledge through direct interaction with their environment. Central to this approach is an unbounded, ungamable numeric reward - such as annexed disk space or follower count - that guides learning without requiring human benchmarks. AI agents iteratively generate strategies and executable code to maximize this metric, with successful outcomes forming the basis for self-retraining and incremental generalisation. To mitigate model collapse and the warm start problem, the framework emphasizes empirical validation over textual similarity and supports fine-tuning via GRPO. The system architecture employs modular agents for environment analysis, strategy generation, and code synthesis, enabling scalable experimentation. This work outlines a pathway toward self-improving AI systems capable of advancing beyond human-imposed constraints toward autonomous general intelligence.

cs.AI↗
arXiv2026

Learning to Pose Problems: Reasoning-Driven and Solver-Adaptive Data Synthesis

Data synthesis for training large reasoning models offers a scalable alternative to limited, human-curated datasets, enabling the creation of high-quality data. However, existing approaches face several challenges: (i) indiscriminate generation that ignores the solver's ability and yields low-value problems, or reliance on complex data pipelines to balance problem difficulty; and (ii) a lack of reasoning in problem generation, leading to shallow problem variants. In this paper, we develop a problem generator that reasons explicitly to plan problem directions before synthesis and adapts difficulty to the solver's ability. We recover problem-design CoT from human-authored multi-part questions, using later subquestions as targets to infer the design rationale. These traces initialize the generator, which is then optimized with a seed-conditioned reward based on solver answer consistency. The reward guides difficulty adjustment relative to each seed while favoring problems near the solver's competence boundary. Across 10 mathematical and general reasoning benchmarks, our method outperforms seed-only training by 2.69 and 3.39 percentage points after one and three rounds, respectively. The framework also extends to vision-language models. Our code is publicly available at https://github.com/WalkerWorldPeace/Reasoning-Synthesis.

cs.AI↗