Polarized neutron diffraction with ex-situ $^3$He neutron spin filter and two-dimensional detector for noncollinear incommensurate magnetic order

Shingo Takahashi; Yuta Osawa; Ryuju Kobayashi; Takashi Ino; Hiraku Saito; Takuro Kawasaki; Takayuki Oku; Tatsuya Nakamura; Yoichi Ikeda; Masaki Fujita; Daisuke Koto; Yusuke Tokunaga; Taka-hisa Arima; Taro Nakajima

arXiv · 2610.09345

Polarized neutron diffraction with ex-situ $^3$He neutron spin filter and two-dimensional detector for noncollinear incommensurate magnetic order

Shingo Takahashi·Yuta Osawa·Ryuju Kobayashi·Takashi Ino·Hiraku Saito·Takuro Kawasaki·Takayuki Oku·Tatsuya Nakamura·Yoichi Ikeda·Masaki Fujita·Daisuke Koto·Yusuke Tokunaga·Taka-hisa Arima·Taro Nakajima

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Abstract

Polarized neutron scattering has been widely used for studying magnetic orders in condensed matter. A typical setup for this technique is a triple-axis spectrometer with a ferromagnetic single-crystal monochromator and analyzer, which is suited for point-by-point measurements within the horizontal scattering plane. However, this setup cannot fully meet the demands of recent studies on complex magnetic orders with emergent cross-correlated phenomena. For instance, multiferroics, magnetic skyrmions, and other topologically nontrivial magnetic orders tend to have incommensurate magnetic modulation vectors running along various directions in reciprocal space, which cannot be captured by measurements restricted to the horizontal scattering plane. To overcome these limitations, we have developed an experimental setup combining a $^3$He neutron spin filter ($^3$He-NSF) and a two-dimensional (2D) detector, which enables us to analyze the polarization of neutrons scattered away from the horizontal plane. We also establish a data reduction procedure to convert the 2D intensity maps into three-dimensional intensity distributions in reciprocal space, correcting for the effect of imperfect $^3$He polarization. This method is applied to single-crystal diffraction measurements on the multiferroic material Mn$_3$WO$_6$, which exhibits complex incommensurate magnetic orders. We have successfully observed polarization-dependent intensities of out-of-plane incommensurate magnetic reflections, demonstrating the effectiveness of the present method for analyzing complex magnetic structures.

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Shingo Takahashi, Yuta Osawa, Ryuju Kobayashi, Takashi Ino, Hiraku Saito, Takuro Kawasaki, Takayuki Oku, Tatsuya Nakamura, Yoichi Ikeda, Masaki Fujita, Daisuke Koto, Yusuke Tokunaga, Taka-hisa Arima, Taro Nakajima. 2026-10-07. Polarized neutron diffraction with ex-situ $^3$He neutron spin filter and two-dimensional detector for noncollinear incommensurate magnetic order. https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.09345

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