From Tunnel Overburden Reconstruction to Tidal Measurements via atmospheric muon

Jiwon Seo; Jongseok Chung; Chang Hyon Ha; TongZhou Huang; Jinyoung Kim; Sooa Kim; Hani Kimku; Byoung-cheol Koh; Minsu Kwak; Sihyun Lee; Yujin Lee

arXiv · 2610.11368

From Tunnel Overburden Reconstruction to Tidal Measurements via atmospheric muon

Jiwon Seo·Jongseok Chung·Chang Hyon Ha·TongZhou Huang·Jinyoung Kim·Sooa Kim·Hani Kimku·Byoung-cheol Koh·Minsu Kwak·Sihyun Lee·Yujin Lee

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Abstract

Muography with scintillator-based detectors enables the investigation of density distributions within large structures. The Hankuk Atmospheric-muon Wide Landscaping (HAWL) project is the first real-time portable muon tomography. It successfully charted the mountainous region of eastern Korea by measuring cosmic-ray muons with a detector operated in a moving vehicle. HAWL achieved a tunnel length accuracy of 6.0 % and an overburden measurement range of 8-400 meter-water-equivalent (m.w.e.). The HAWL upgrade (HAWLU) features a more compact design and enables trajectory reconstruction. Using this upgraded system, we measured tidal water-level variations with meter-scale precision over 31.6 days in the Boryeong Undersea Tunnel. The measured muon rate decreased by $1.72 \pm 0.04$ % per meter of increasing tidal level, while the reconstruction of undersea tunnel scan independently validated the detector performance. These results demonstrate the capabilities of dynamic muography in two approaches, one with a portable detector in motion and the other with a detector measuring a target that changes over time.

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Jiwon Seo, Jongseok Chung, Chang Hyon Ha, TongZhou Huang, Jinyoung Kim, Sooa Kim, Hani Kimku, Byoung-cheol Koh, Minsu Kwak, Sihyun Lee, Yujin Lee. 2026-10-08. From Tunnel Overburden Reconstruction to Tidal Measurements via atmospheric muon. https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.11368

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