DisaggKD: Efficient Knowledge Distillation through Teacher-Student Disaggregation and a Fused Loss

Ruixuan Tu; Yuyang Dong

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arXiv · 2610.17644

DisaggKD: Efficient Knowledge Distillation through Teacher-Student Disaggregation and a Fused Loss

Ruixuan Tu·Yuyang Dong

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Abstract

Knowledge distillation (KD) frameworks place teacher and student on the same GPUs, so per-GPU memory limits the teachers that fit. DisaggKD separates them across nodes: teacher replicas stream hidden states to the student, a KD loss over row windows and vocabulary shards equals the full-vocabulary loss in exact arithmetic without forming the full-vocabulary logits, and a prefetch ring paces producer and trainer. Closed-form memory and traffic models locate the memory limits of each layout. On the Qwen3.5-35B-A3B to 9B pair, the disaggregated layout matches the LM loss of the colocated run with the same loss and is faster than that run; our fused loss also lets a colocated run train on as few nodes at faster speed, while the split is memory efficient when the student spans several nodes. On the larger pairs, colocated runs with a fused loss still run OOM where the split trains, because teacher weights and student states fill the budget.

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Ruixuan Tu, Yuyang Dong. 2026-10-13. DisaggKD: Efficient Knowledge Distillation through Teacher-Student Disaggregation and a Fused Loss. https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.17644

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