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arXiv · 2610.19492

Towards Efficient Simultaneous Inverse Text Normalization with Pretrained Text-to-Text Language Model and Read-Tag-Write Policy

Kiet Anh Hoang·Khanh Le·Bao Nguyen·Linh Pham·Dung Vo·Thai Tran·Mai Nguyen·Tri Nguyen·Vu Le
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Abstract

Streaming Inverse Text Normalization (ITN) is vital for converting spoken-form outputs from streaming Automatic Speech Recognition into formatted written text. Existing streaming ITN methods rely on hybrid systems combining neural tagging with expert-crafted finite-state transducer rules, limiting scalability across domains and languages. While end-to-end models offer superior scalability by learning directly from data, standard encoder-decoder architectures are inherently non-streaming due to global attention. In this paper, we propose an efficient streaming end-to-end ITN system, adapting a pretrained text-to-text model to leverage its robust linguistic knowledge. To enable streaming, we introduce architectural adaptations, a specialized training strategy, a Read-Tag-Write decoding policy, and inference optimizations. Experiments on Vietnamese datasets show accuracy comparable to non-streaming baselines, outperforming hybrid methods while satisfying real-time latency requirements.

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Kiet Anh Hoang, Khanh Le, Bao Nguyen, Linh Pham, Dung Vo, Thai Tran, Mai Nguyen, Tri Nguyen, Vu Le. 2026-10-14. Towards Efficient Simultaneous Inverse Text Normalization with Pretrained Text-to-Text Language Model and Read-Tag-Write Policy. https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2026-1060

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