NV-Generate-Body: 3D Latent Diffusion Model forControllable Anatomy, Tumor, and Demographic Body Mask Synthesis

Can Zhao; Pengfei Guo; Dong Yang; Yufan He; Yucheng Tang; Ahmed Harouni; Benjamin Simon; Mason Belue; Stephanie Harmon; Baris Turkbey; Daguang Xu

arXiv · 2610.24153

NV-Generate-Body: 3D Latent Diffusion Model forControllable Anatomy, Tumor, and Demographic Body Mask Synthesis

Can Zhao·Pengfei Guo·Dong Yang·Yufan He·Yucheng Tang·Ahmed Harouni·Benjamin Simon·Mason Belue·Stephanie Harmon·Baris Turkbey·Daguang Xu

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Abstract

Curating large labeled CT datasets is expensive and constrained by patient privacy. We present NV-Generate-BodyMask, a 3D latent diffusion model that synthesizes whole-body CT segmentation masks with precise, joint control over organ anatomy, tumor burden, and patient demographics. The model operates in the compressed latent space of a frozen mask autoencoder, generating $256^3$ volumetric label maps conditioned on a 19-dimensional vector via Adaptive Group Normalization and cross-attention. A size-adaptive ROI loss with spatial halo weighting and a paired tumor injection pipeline enable accurate tumor size conditioning despite the scarcity of annotated tumor cases. Trained on 8,571 masks across 26 cohorts spanning 132 labels, the model achieves Spearman $ρ= 0.70$--$0.92$ for organ size, 85--100\% tumor recall for lung, pancreatic, colon, and bone lesions, and strong demographic alignment (BMI $ρ= 0.78$, sex-conditioned perfect prostate control).

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Can Zhao, Pengfei Guo, Dong Yang, Yufan He, Yucheng Tang, Ahmed Harouni, Benjamin Simon, Mason Belue, Stephanie Harmon, Baris Turkbey, Daguang Xu. 2026-10-16. NV-Generate-Body: 3D Latent Diffusion Model forControllable Anatomy, Tumor, and Demographic Body Mask Synthesis. https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.24153

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