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arXiv · 2610.26770

HarnessPro: Recursive Harness Self-Improvement with Pareto Optimization for Performance-Cost Trade-offs

Zhuoshi Pan·ZhiYuan Feng·Yukuo Cen·Honglin Lin·Junru Lu·Zhongxia Chen·Shuo Yang·H. Vicky Zhao·Jie Tang
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Abstract

Harness development plays a crucial role in building capable AI agents. Recent approaches improve harnesses through recursive self-improvement (RSI), but their performance gains often come with higher execution costs. We introduce HarnessPro, a label-free method for evolving harnesses to improve task performance while reducing execution cost. In this setting, candidate harnesses are evaluated using LLM-generated tests without access to ground-truth solutions or official tests. Specialized agents diagnose execution trajectories, plan updates with different performance-cost priorities, and implement them as candidate harnesses. Rather than returning a single harness, HarnessPro uses normalized weighted squared-distance selection to provide cost-focused (lite), balanced (medium), and performance-focused (heavy) harnesses for different deployment budgets. Selected harnesses enter the next iteration, where execution feedback guides further updates. Our experiments cover Terminal-Bench 2, SWE-Bench Pro, and ProgramBench, using GPT-5.5 with Codex and GLM-5.2 with Claude Code. Across these benchmarks using GPT-5.5 with Codex, the heavy mode of HarnessPro achieves an average pass-rate gain of 2.0 percentage points and an average per-task cost reduction of 26.1% relative to RHO. This advantage also holds when using GLM-5.2 with Claude Code. Code is available at https://github.com/pzs19/HarnessPro

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Zhuoshi Pan, ZhiYuan Feng, Yukuo Cen, Honglin Lin, Junru Lu, Zhongxia Chen, Shuo Yang, H. Vicky Zhao, Jie Tang. 2026-10-19. HarnessPro: Recursive Harness Self-Improvement with Pareto Optimization for Performance-Cost Trade-offs. https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.26770

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