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arXiv · 2610.30381

Quantum Phases and Structural Transitions of Bosons in Bubble-Shaped Confinements

Fabio Cinti·Gabriele Costa·Giuseppe Pellicane·Santi Prestipino·Matteo Ciardi
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Abstract

We investigate the structural properties and superfluid behavior of soft-core bosons confined in a spherical bubble trap at large particle numbers ($N \le 1800$). Using Path Integral Monte Carlo simulations with worm algorithm sampling in continuous space, we show that increasing $N$ drives a sequence of layering transitions: beyond the established bilayer supersolid, a third concentric layer of clusters emerges at $N \approx 1800$. By analyzing the distribution of permutation cycles distribution, we demonstrate that a finite superfluid fraction ($f_s \approx 10\%$) persists even in this multi-layer regime. These findings clarify the role of particle number in driving layer formation on curved manifolds, offering a concrete guide for future experiments with bubble-trapped bosons.

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Fabio Cinti, Gabriele Costa, Giuseppe Pellicane, Santi Prestipino, Matteo Ciardi. 2026-10-21. Quantum Phases and Structural Transitions of Bosons in Bubble-Shaped Confinements. https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.30381

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