A class of degenerate elliptic problems involving the Grushin operator: critical mass and ground states

Abstract

We study the following degenerate elliptic equation with combined nonlinearities and prescribed mass \begin{equation*} \begin{aligned} \begin{cases} -Δ_γu+ωu+|u|^{p-2}u=|u|^{q-2}u \ \ \mbox{in }\mathbb{R}^{N}, \\ \int_{\mathbb{R}^{N}} |u|^{2} \mathrm{d}z=c, \end{cases} \end{aligned} \end{equation*} where $Δ_γ$ is the Grushin operator and $ω\in\mathbb{R}$ appears as an unknown Lagrange multiplier. We characterize the critical mass threshold and the energy ground state solutions. Firstly, we prove the existence of optimizers for the Gagliardo-Nirenberg inequality involving the Grushin operator together with estimates for the related best constant. Secondly, we characterize the critical mass by the best constant of Gagliardo-Nirenberg inequality and prove the existence of $x$-radial energy ground state solutions. Finally, we describe the relation between the $x$-radial action and energy ground state solutions, and the optimizers of Gagliardo-Nirenberg inequality. The strategy developed here is based on the interplay between the mass-preserving scaling and a sharp Gagliardo-Nirenberg inequality. It therefore suggests possible extensions to other prescribed-mass problems with competing homogeneous terms and threshold-mass phenomena.