Searcharxiv⌕ Search

arXiv · math-ph/0108004

Group foliation and non-invariant solutions of the heavenly equation

Abstract

The main physical result of this paper are exact analytical solutions of the heavenly equation, of importance in the general theory of relativity. These solutions are not invariant under any subgroup of the symmetry group of the equation. The main mathematical result is a new method of obtaining noninvariant solutions of partial differential equations with infinite dimensional symmetry groups. The method involves the compatibility of the given equations with a differential constraint, which is automorphic under a specific symmetry subgroup, the latter acting transitively on the submanifold of the common solutions. By studying the integrability of the resulting conditions, one can provide an explicit foliation of the entire solution manifold of the considered equations.

Explore related subjects

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeXRIS

L. Martina, M. B. Sheftel, P. Winternitz. 2001-08-15. Group foliation and non-invariant solutions of the heavenly equation. https://doi.org/10.1088/0305-4470%2F34%2F43%2F310

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related papers

Magnetism and infrared divergence in a Hubbard-phonon interacting system

We study a finite Hubbard model coupled to a massless phonon field through a form factor common to all sites that satisfies the infrared singular condition. The Hamiltonian has no ground state in the Fock representation. With the unitary transformation of Arai and Hirokawa, the ground states with infrared cutoff define states on the Weyl algebra over the form domain of the inverse dispersion, and they converge to a ground state in a representation inequivalent to the Fock representation. In this representation the ground states are the products of the ground states of the Hubbard model and the phonon vacuum, so that the model has ferromagnetic or unique spin-singlet ground states according to the hopping matrix and the electron number.

math-ph↗

Phonon Bose-Einstein condensation in a Hubbard-phonon interacting system with infrared divergence

We study the grand canonical Gibbs states of a finite Hubbard model coupled to massless phonons with the dispersion relation $|k|^s$, $1\leq s<d$, at finite temperature. We keep the decoupling setting of the zero-temperature analysis, in which the electron-phonon form factor is common to all sites. An explicit unitary transformation factorizes the Gibbs state into the electron Gibbs state and the free phonon Gibbs state up to a phase, and the phonons exhibit Bose-Einstein condensation in the thermodynamic limit with the critical density of the free Bose gas. Assuming the convergence of this phase as the infrared cutoff is removed, the condensed state is the mixture of mutually disjoint component states with broken gauge symmetry, described by their expectations on the Weyl algebra. Physically, phonons are considered not to undergo Bose-Einstein condensation arxiv:1207.4621, and the study of a mechanism that suppresses this mathematical and formal condensation is left for future research.

math-ph↗

Equilibrium-energy-scaled quantum lattice Boltzmann method for variable-velocity linear advection--diffusion equations

We develop a quantum lattice Boltzmann method for linear advection--diffusion equations with prescribed space- and time-dependent velocities. Direct block-encoding can accumulate normalization factors that suppress success probability exponentially, even when the classical propagator remains bounded. We control this loss by scaling each distribution component by the inverse square root of its local equilibrium weight. For uniformly positive weights and dimensionless relaxation times $τ^*\geq 1/2$, this equilibrium energy scaling gives the Bhatnagar--Gross--Krook collision operator unit spectral norm while preserving the discrete dynamics. Streaming normalization depends on weight ratios at the departure and arrival positions and times of each step; these ratios equal one for uniform steady advection. For periodic streaming, cumulative normalization stays bounded under mesh refinement at fixed physical time if logarithmic derivatives of the weights along streaming trajectories are bounded uniformly in space, time, and mesh resolution. A single-step block-encoding with two flag qubits supports coherent propagation of the full kinetic distribution without intermediate measurements. We compare oracle query bounds for time marching with those for a history-state linear system built from the same scaled operator, under specified assumptions on initial-state preparation and coefficient access. Tests in one and two dimensions and noiseless circuit simulations verify the construction. In a controlled comparison after 50 steps, scaling increases the probability of preparing the quantum state encoding the terminal distribution by approximately $450\times$. Classical refinement diagnostics up to $N_t=16{,}384$ steps confirm bounded cumulative normalization. The scaling controls additional normalization losses while retaining physical diffusive attenuation.

math-ph↗