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Daniel Boer

Publications and source records attributed to Daniel Boer.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
arXiv2008

Semi-inclusive processes at low and high transverse momentum

This talk reports on recent work where we studied the connection between the description of semi-inclusive DIS at high transverse momentum (based on collinear factorization) and low transverse momentum (based on transverse-momentum-dependent factorization). We used power counting to determine the leading behavior of the structure functions at intermediate transverse momentum in the two descriptions. When the power behaviors are different, two distinct mechanisms are present and there can be no matching between them. When the power behavior is the same, the two descriptions must match. An explicit calculation however shows that for some observables this is not the case, suggesting that the transverse-momentum-dependent-factorization description beyond leading twist is incomplete.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2008

Matches and mismatches in the descriptions of semi-inclusive processes at low and high transverse momentum

We investigate the transverse-momentum-dependence in semi-inclusive deep inelastic leptoproduction of hadrons. There are two different theoretical approaches to study this dependence, one for low and one for high transverse momentum of the observed hadron. We systematically investigate their connection, paying special attention to azimuthal distributions and to polarization dependence. In the region of intermediate transverse momentum, where both approaches are applicable, we find that their results match for certain observables but not for others. Interpolating expressions are discussed for the case where one has no matching. We then use power counting to determine which mechanism is dominant in various azimuthal and spin asymmetries that are integrated over the transverse momentum. Our findings have consequences for the extension of transverse-momentum-dependent factorization beyond leading twist. They also shed light on the problem of resumming logarithms of transverse momentum for azimuthal distributions. Our results can be carried over to the Drell-Yan process and to two-hadron production in e+e- annihilation.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2008

Transversity Asymmetries

Ways to access transversity through asymmetry measurements are reviewed. The recent first extraction and possible near future extractions are discussed.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2008

Angular dependences in inclusive two-hadron production at BELLE

A collection of results is presented relevant for the analysis of azimuthal asymmetries in inclusive two-hadron production at BELLE. The aim of this overview is to provide theoretical ingredients necessary to extract the Collins effect fragmentation function. The latter arises within the Collins-Soper factorization formalism, which describes both the transverse momentum and Q^2 dependence of the cross section and its angular dependences at low and moderate transverse momentum. Since the Collins effect is not the only source of angular dependences, a discussion of various other effects is included. This concerns higher twist contributions, photon-Z-boson interference effects, radiative corrections, beam polarization and weak decays. Furthermore, different frames, transverse momentum weighting and ratios of asymmetries are discussed. These issues are all of relevance for the unambiguous measurement of the Collins effect.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2008

Geometric Scaling at RHIC and LHC

We present a new phenomenological model of the dipole scattering amplitude to demonstrate that the RHIC data for hadron production in d-Au collisions for all available rapidities are compatible with geometric scaling, just like the small-x inclusive DIS data. A detailed comparison with earlier geometric scaling violating models of the dipole scattering amplitude in terms of an anomalous dimension gamma is made. In order to establish whether the geometric scaling violations expected from small-x evolution equations are present in the data a much larger range in transverse momentum and rapidity must be probed. Predictions for hadron production in p-Pb and p-p collisions at LHC are given. We point out that the fall-off of the transverse momentum distribution at LHC is a sensitive probe of the variation of gamma in a region where x is much smaller than at RHIC. In this way, the expectation for the rise of gamma from small-x evolution can be tested.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2007

Spin Physics: Session Summary

We summarize the main results of the spin physics Working Group Session of DIS 2007, the 15th International Workshop on ``Deep-Inelastic Scattering and Related Subjects''.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2007

x-Evolution of Phenomenological Dipole Cross Sections

Deep inelastic scattering at small x can be described very effectively using saturation inspired dipole models. We investigate whether such models are compatible with the numerical solutions of the Balitsky-Kovchegov (BK) equation which is expected to describe the nonlinear evolution in x of the dipole cross section. We find that the BK equation yields results that are qualitatively different from those of phenomenological studies. Geometric scaling is recovered only towards asymptotic rapidities. In this limit the value of the anomalous dimension gamma(r,x) at the saturation scale approaches approximately 0.44, in contrast to the value 0.63 commonly used in the models.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2007

Compatibility of phenomenological dipole cross sections with the Balitsky-Kovchegov equation

Phenomenological models of the dipole cross section that enters in the description of for instance deep inelastic scattering at very high energies have had considerable success in describing the available small-x data in both the saturation region and the so-called extended geometric scaling (EGS) region. We investigate to what extent such models are compatible with the numerical solutions of the Balitsky-Kovchegov (BK) equation which is expected to describe the nonlinear evolution in x of the dipole cross section in these momentum regions. We find that in the EGS region the BK equation yields results that are qualitatively different from those of phenomenological studies. In particular, geometric scaling around the saturation scale is only obtained at asymptotic rapidities. We find that in this limit, the anomalous dimension γ(r,x) of phenomenological models approaches a limiting function that is universal for a large range of initial conditions. At the saturation scale, this function equals approximately 0.44, in contrast to the value 0.628 commonly used in the models. We further investigate the dependence of these results on the starting distribution, the small-r limit of the anomalous dimension for fixed rapidities and the x-dependence of the saturation scale.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2006

Gluon saturation effects on single spin asymmetries

We consider forward pion production in p p collisions at RHIC energies,which probes the so-called Extended Geometric Scaling region. Upon inclusion of small-x effects via an anomalous dimension within the Color Glass Condensate formalism at leading order in alpha_s, a good description of the cross section as a function of the transverse momentum of the produced pion is obtained. The latter is essential for extractions of the Sivers effect from polarized p p collisions, since it is a sensitive probe of the slope of the cross section. Hence, the presented approach is well suited to extract the Sivers effect from single spin asymmetries in forward pion production at high energies.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2006

Single transverse-spin asymmetries in forward pion production at high energy: incorporating small-x effects in the target

We consider single-inclusive forward pion production in high-energy proton-proton collisions at RHIC energies. A good baseline description of the transverse momentum distributions at high rapidity is obtained within Mueller's dipole formalism with an anomalous dimension incorporating an ``extended geometric scaling'' window between the saturation and DGLAP regimes. We then formulate pion production for transversely polarized projectiles within the same approach. We assume that an azimuthal, spin-dependent asymmetry arises from the so-called Sivers effect and investigate the single transverse-spin asymmetry A_N at 200 GeV and 500 GeV center-of-mass energy. A simple parameterization of the Sivers functions from the literature compares reasonably well with the high-energy STAR data if the overall normalization is scaled up by at least a factor of two. The STAR data might therefore indicate that the Sivers effect is significantly stronger than thought so far. We also analyze higher-twist contributions to A_N and find that they largely cancel.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2006

The effects of quantum instantons on the thermodynamics of the CP^(N-1) model

Using the 1/N expansion, we study the influence of quantum instantons on the thermodynamics of the CP^(N-1) model in 1+1 dimensions. We do this by calculating the pressure to next-to-leading order in 1/N, without quantum instanton contributions. The fact that the CP^1 model is equivalent to the O(3) nonlinear sigma model, allows for a comparison to the full pressure up to 1/N^2 corrections for N=3. Assuming validity of the 1/N expansion for the CP^1 model makes it possible to argue that the pressure for intermediate temperatures is dominated by the effects of quantum instantons. A similar conclusion can be drawn for general N values by using the fact that the entropy should always be positive.

hep-th↗
arXiv2006

Drell-Yan Lepton Angular Distribution at Small Transverse Momentum

We investigate the dependence of the Drell-Yan cross section on lepton polar and azimuthal angles, as generated by the lowest-order QCD annihilation and Compton processes. We focus in particular on the azimuthal-angular distributions, which are of the form cos(phi) and cos(2phi). At small transverse momentum q_T of the lepton pair, q_T << Q, with Q the pair mass, these terms are known to be suppressed relative to the phi-independent part of the Drell-Yan cross section by one or two powers of the transverse momentum. Nonetheless, as we show, like the phi-independent part they are subject to large logarithmic corrections, whose precise form however depends on the reference frame chosen. These logarithmic contributions ultimately require resummation to all orders in the strong coupling. We discuss the potential effects of resummation on the various angular terms in the cross section and on the Lam-Tung relation.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2005

Anomalous Drell-Yan asymmetry from hadronic or QCD vacuum effects

The anomalously large cos(2 phi) asymmetry measured in the Drell-Yan process is discussed. Possible origins of this large deviation from the Lam-Tung relation are considered with emphasis on the comparison of two particular proposals: one that suggests it arises from a QCD vacuum effect and one that suggests it is a hadronic effect. Experimental signatures distinguishing these effects are discussed.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2005

Color superconductivity vs. pseudoscalar condensation in a three-flavor NJL model

We calculate numerically the phase diagram of the three-flavor Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model at zero and finite temperature as a function of the up, down, and strange quark chemical potentials. We focus on the competition between pseudoscalar condensation and color superconductivity. We find that the two types of phases are separated by first-order transitions.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2004

Hadron structure from gamma^* p scattering: interpreting hadronic matrix elements

Hadron structure from high-Q^2 gamma^* p scattering processes is often expressed in terms of hadronic matrix elements of nonlocal operators. Properly defining and interpreting these quantities is very important in light of experiments aiming to extract transverse momentum dependent parton distributions or generalized parton distributions. The current status will be reviewed, including recent developments concerning Wigner distributions.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2004

Thermodynamics of O(N) sigma models: 1/N corrections

The thermodynamics of the O(N) linear and nonlinear sigma models in 3+1 dimensions is studied. We calculate the pressure to next-to-leading order in the 1/N expansion and show that at this order, temperature-independent renormalization is only possible at the minimum of the effective potential. The 1/N expansion is found to be a good expansion for N as low as 4, which is the case relevant for low-energy QCD phenomenology. We consider the cases with and without explicit symmetry breaking. We show that previous next-to-leading order calculations of the pressure are either breaking down in the temperatures of interest, or based on unjustifiable high-energy approximations.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2004

Asymmetric jet correlations in p p^\uparrow scattering

We propose that back-to-back correlations in azimuthal angle of jets produced in collisions of unpolarized with transversely polarized proton beams could be used to determine Sivers functions. The corresponding single-spin asymmetry is not power-suppressed, but is subject to Sudakov suppression. We present estimates of the asymmetry (without and with Sudakov effects) for RHIC at jet transverse momenta of ~10 GeV and show that it may reach a few per cent or more and could provide access to the gluon Sivers function.

hep-ph↗