arXiv subjects

Hideaki Shima

Publications and source records attributed to Hideaki Shima.

3 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2022

Agricultural quality matrix-based multiomics structural analysis of carrots in soils fertilized with thermophile-fermented compost

Compost is used worldwide as a soil conditioner for crops, but its functions have still been explored. Here, the omics profiles of carrots were investigated, as a root vegetable plant model, in a field amended with compost fermented with thermophilic Bacillaceae for growth and quality indices. Exposure to compost significantly increased the productivity, antioxidant activity, red color, and taste of the carrot root and altered the soil bacterial composition with the levels of characteristic metabolites of the leaf, root, and soil. Based on the data, structural equation modeling (SEM) estimated that L-2-aminoadipate, phenylalanine, flavonoids and / or carotenoids in plants were optimally linked by exposure to compost. The SEM of the soil estimated that the genus Paenibacillus, L-2-aminoadipate and nicotinamide, and S-methyl L-cysteine were optimally involved during exposure. These estimates did not show a contradiction between the whole genomic analysis of compost-derived Paenibacillus isolates and the bioactivity data, inferring the presence of a complex cascade of plant growth-promoting effects and modulation of the nitrogen cycle by compost itself. These observations have provided information on the qualitative indicators of compost in complex soil-plant interactions and offer a new perspective for chemically independent sustainable agriculture through the efficient use of natural nitrogen.

q-bio.QM↗

arXiv2022

A novel sustainable role of compost as a universal protective substitute for fish, chicken, pig, and cattle, and its estimation by structural equation modeling

Natural decomposition of organic matter is essential in food systems, and compost is used worldwide as an organic fermented fertilizer. However, as a feature of the ecosystem, its effects on the animals are poorly understood. Here we show that oral administration of compost and/or its derived thermophilic Bacillaceae, i.e., Caldibacillus hisashii and Weizmannia coagulans, can modulate the prophylactic activities of various industrial animals. The fecal omics analyses in the modulatory process showed an improving trend dependent upon animal species, environmental conditions, and administration. However, structural equation modeling (SEM) estimated the grouping candidates of bacteria and metabolites as standard key components beyond the animal species. In particular, the SEM model implied a strong relationship among partly digesting fecal amino acids, increasing genus Lactobacillus as inhabitant beneficial bacteria and 2-aminoisobutyric acid involved in lantibiotics. These results highlight the potential role of compost for sustainable protective control in agriculture, fishery, and livestock industries.

q-bio.QM↗

arXiv2022

Symbiotic bacterial network structure involved in carbon and nitrogen metabolism of wood-utilizing insect larvae

Effective biological utilization of wood biomass is necessary worldwide. Since several insect larvae can use wood biomass as a nutrient source, studies on their digestive mechanism are expected to speculate a novel rule in wood biomass processing. Here, the relationships of inhabitant bacteria involved in carbon and nitrogen metabolism in the intestine of beetle larvae, an insect model, are investigated. Bacterial analysis of larval feces showed enrichment of members of which could include candidates for plant growth promotion, nitrogen cycle modulation, and/or environmental protection. The abundances of these bacteria were not necessarily positively correlated with the abundance in the habitat, suggesting that they might be selectively enriched in the intestines of larvae. Further association analysis predicted that carbon and nitrogen metabolism in the intestine was affected by the presence of the other common bacteria, the populations of which were not remarkably altered in the habitat and feces. Based on hypotheses targeting these selected bacterial groups, structural estimation modeling analyses statistically suggested that their metabolism of carbon and nitrogen and their stable isotopes, {\delta}13C and {\delta}15N, may be associated with fecal enriched bacteria and other common bacteria. In addition, other causal inference analyses, such as causal mediation analysis, linear non-Gaussian acyclic model (LiNGAM), and BayesLiNGAM, did not necessarily affirm the existence of prominent bacteria involved in metabolism, implying its importance as the bacterial groups for metabolism rather than a remarkable bacterium. Thus, these observations highlight a multifaceted view of symbiotic bacterial groups utilizing carbon and nitrogen from wood biomass in insect larvae as a cultivator of potentially environmentally beneficial bacteria.

q-bio.QM↗