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Hongbao Zhang

Publications and source records attributed to Hongbao Zhang.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources

Zero Temperature Holographic Superfluids with Two Competing Orders

We initiate the investigation of the zero temperature holographic superfluids with two competing orders, where besides the vacuum phase, two one band superfluid phases, the coexistent superfluid phase has also been found in the AdS soliton background for the first time. We construct the complete phase diagram in the $e-μ$ plane by numerics, which is consistent with our qualitative analysis. Furthermore, we calculate the corresponding optical conductivity and sound speed by the linear response theory. The onset of pole of optical conductivity at $ω=0$ indicates that the spontaneous breaking phase always represents the superfluid phase, and the residue of pole is increased with the chemical potential, which is consistent with the fact that the particle density is essentially the superfluid density for zero temperature superfluids. In addition, the resulting sound speed demonstrates the non-smoothness at the critical points as the order parameter of condensate, which indicates that the phase transitions can also be identified by the behavior of sound speed. Moreover, as expected from the boundary conformal field theory, the sound speed saturates to $\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}$ at the large chemical potential limit for our two band holographic superfluid model.

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Towards Quantum Turbulence in Finite Temperature Bose-Einstein Condensates

Motivated by the various indications that holographic superfluid is BCS like at the standard quantization but BEC like at the alternative quantization, we have implemented the alternative quantization in the dynamical holographic superfluid for the first time. With this accomplishment, we further initiate the detailed investigation of quantum turbulence in finite temperature BEC by a long time stable numerical simulation of bulk dynamics, which includes the two body decay of vortex number caused by vortex pair annihilation, the onset of superfluid turbulence signaled by Kolmogorov scaling law, and a direct energy cascade demonstrated by injecting energy to the turbulent superfluid. All of these results share the same patterns as the holographic superfluid at the standard quantization, thus suggest that these should be universal features for quantum turbulence at temperatures order of the critical temperature.

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Time evolutions of scalar field perturbations in $D$-dimensional Reissner-Nordström Anti-de Sitter black holes

Reissner-Nordström Anti-de Sitter (RNAdS) black holes are unstable against the charged scalar field perturbations due to the well-known superradiance phenomenon. We present the time domain analysis of charged scalar field perturbations in the RNAdS black hole background in general dimensions. We show that the instabilities of charged scalar field can be explicitly illustrated from the time profiles of evolving scalar field. By using the Prony method to fit the time evolution data, we confirm the mode that dominates the long time behavior of scalar field is in accordance with the quasinormal mode from the frequency domain analysis. The superradiance origin of the instability can also be demonstrated by comparing the real part of the dominant mode with the superradiant condition of charged scalar field. It is shown that all the unstable modes are superradiant, which is consistent with the analytical result in the frequency domain analysis. Furthermore, we also confirm there exists the rapid exponential growing modes in the RNAdS case, which makes the RNAdS black hole a good test ground to investigate the nonlinear evolution of superradiant instability.

gr-qc↗

Note on Zero Temperature Holographic Superfluids

In this note, we have addressed various issues on zero temperature holographic superfluids. First, inspired by our numerical evidence for the equality between the superfluid density and particle density, we provide an elegant analytic proof for this equality by a boost trick. Second, using not only the frequency domain analysis but also the time domain analysis from numerical relativity, we identify the hydrodynamic normal modes and calculate out the sound speed, which is shown to increase with the chemical potential and saturate to the value predicted by the conformal field theory in the large chemical potential limit. Third, the generic non-thermalization is demonstrated by the fully non-linear time evolution from a non-equilibrium state for our zero temperature holographic superfluid. Furthermore, a conserved Noether charge is proposed in support of this behavior.

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Modave Lectures on Applied AdS/CFT with Numerics

These lecture notes are intended to serve as an introduction to applied AdS/CFT with numerics for an audience of graduate students and others with little background in the subject. The presentation begins with a poor man's review of current status of quantum gravity, where AdS/CFT correspondence is believed to be the well formulated quantum gravity in the anti-de Sitter space. Then we present the basic ingredients in applied AdS/CFT and introduce the relevant numerics for solving differential equations into which the bulk dynamics collapses. To demonstrate how to apply AdS/CFT with numerics, we take the zero temperature holographic superfluid as a concrete example for case study. In passing, we also present some new results, which include the numerical evidence as well as an elegant analytic proof for the equality between the superfluid density and particle density, namely $ρ_s=ρ$, and the saturation to the predicted value $\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}$ by conformal field theory for the sound speed in the large chemical potential limit.

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Dynamical stability of the Holographic System with Two Competing Orders

We investigate the dynamical stability of the holographic system with two order parameters, which exhibits competition and coexistence of condensations. In the linear regime, we have developed the gauge dependent formalism to calculate the quasi-normal modes by gauge fixing, which turns out be considerably convenient. Furthermore, by giving different Gaussian wave packets as perturbations at the initial time, we numerically evolve the full nonlinear system until it arrives at the final equilibrium state. Our results show that the dynamical stability is consistent with the thermodynamical stability. Interestingly, the dynamical evolution, as well as the quasi-normal modes, shows that the relaxation time of this model is generically much longer than the simplest holographic system. We also find that the late time behavior can be well captured by the lowest lying quasi-normal modes except for the non-vanishing order towards the single ordered phase. To our knowledge, this exception is the first counter example to the general belief that the late time behavior towards a final stable state can be captured by the lowest lying quasi-normal modes. In particular, a double relation is found for this exception in certain cases.

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Holographic Thermal Relaxation in Superfluid Turbulence

Holographic duality provides a first-principles approach to investigate real time processes in quantum many-body systems, in particular at finite temperature and far-from-equilibrium. We use this approach to study the dynamical evolution of vortex number in a two-dimensional (2D) turbulent superfluid through numerically solving its gravity dual. We find that the temporal evolution of the vortex number can be well fit statistically by two-body decay due to the vortex pair annihilation featured relaxation process, thus confirm the previous suspicion based on the experimental data for turbulent superfluid in highly oblate Bose-Einstein condensates. Furthermore, the decay rate near the critical temperature is in good agreement with the recently developed effective theory of 2D superfluid turbulence.

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Time domain analysis of superradiant instability for the charged stringy black hole-mirror system

It has been proved that the charged stringy black holes are stable under the perturbations of massive charged scalar fields. However, superradiant instability can be generated by adding the mirror-like boundary condition to the composed system of charged stringy black hole and scalar field. The unstable boxed quasinormal modes have been calculated by using both analytical and numerical method. In this paper, we further provide a time domain analysis by performing a long time evolution of charged scalar field configuration in the background of the charged stringy black hole with the mirror-like boundary condition imposed. We have used the ingoing Eddington-Finkelstein coordinates to derive the evolution equation, and adopted Pseudo-spectral method and the forth-order Runge-Kutta method to evolve the scalar field with the initial Gaussian wave packet. It is shown by our numerical scheme that Fourier transforming the evolution data coincides well with the unstable modes computed from frequency domain analysis. The existence of the rapid growth mode makes the charged stringy black hole a good test ground to study the nonlinear development of superradiant instability.

gr-qc↗

Holographic Entropy Production

The suspicion that gravity is holographic has been supported mainly by a variety of specific examples from string theory. In this paper, we propose that such a holography can actually be observed in the context of Einstein's gravity and at least a class of generalized gravitational theories, based on a definite holographic principle where neither is the bulk space-time required to be asymptotically AdS nor the boundary to be located at conformal infinity, echoing Wilson's formulation of quantum field theory. After showing the general equilibrium thermodynamics from the corresponding holographic dictionary, in particular, we provide a rather general proof of the equality between the entropy production on the boundary and the increase of black hole entropy in the bulk, which can be regarded as strong support to this holographic principle. The entropy production in the familiar holographic superconductors/superfluids is investigated as an important example, where the role played by the holographic renormalization is explained.

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Metal-insulator Transition by Holographic Charge Density Waves

We construct a gravity dual for charge density waves (CDW) in which the translational symmetry along one spatial direction is spontaneously broken. Our linear perturbation calculation on the gravity side produces the frequency dependence of the optical conductivity, which exhibits the two familiar features of charge density waves, namely the pinned collective mode and gapped single-particle excitation. These two features indicate that our gravity dual also provides a new mechanism to implement the metal to insulator phase transition by CDW, which is further supported by the fact that d.c. conductivity decreases with the decreased temperature below the critical temperature.

hep-th↗

Gravitational collapse and thermalization in the hard wall model

We study a simple example of holographic thermalization in a confining field theory: the homogeneous injection of energy in the hard wall model. Working in an amplitude expansion, we find black brane formation for sufficiently fast energy injection and a scattering wave solution for sufficiently slow injection. We comment on our expectations for more sophisticated holographic QCD models.

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Holographic Fermionic Liquid with Lattices

We investigate the holographic fermions over a gravitational lattice background with a rather low temperature. Since the rotation symmetry is broken on the plane, the lattice effects change the shape of the Fermi surface within the first Brillouin zone from a circle to an ellipse. When the Fermi surface intersects with the Brillouin zone boundary, the band structure with a band gap is observed through a numerical analysis. We construct a lattice model sourced by a scalar field as well as an ionic lattice model without the scalar field. In both cases we find the similar physical results.

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Periodically Driven Holographic Superconductor

As a first step towards our holographic investigation of the far-from-equilibrium physics of periodically driven systems at strong coupling, we explore the real time dynamics of holographic superconductor driven by a monochromatically alternating electric field with various frequencies. As a result, our holographic superconductor is driven to the final oscillating state, where the condensate is suppressed and the oscillation frequency is controlled by twice of the driving frequency. In particular, in the large frequency limit, the three distinct channels towards the final steady state are found, namely under damped to superconducting phase, over damped to superconducting and normal phase, which can be captured essentially by the low lying spectrum of quasi-normal modes in the time averaged approximation, reminiscent of the effective field theory perspective.

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Poor man's holography: How far can it go?

One of the most exciting things in recent theoretical physics is the suspicion that gravity may be holographic, dual to some sort of quantum field theory living on the boundary with one less dimension. Such a suspicion has been supported mainly by a variety of specific examples from string theory. This paper is intended to purport the holographic gravity from a different perspective. Namely we propose that such a holography can actually be observed within the context of Einstein's gravity, where neither is spacetime required to be asymptotically AdS nor the boundary to be located at conformal infinity. We show that our holography works remarkably well at least at the level of thermodynamics and hydrodynamics. In particular, a perfect matching between the bulk gravity and boundary system is found not only for the equilibrium variation but also for the non-equilibrium entropy production, where a method of conserved current is seen to be efficient in relating the black hole perturbation in the bulk gravity and the non-equilibrium thermodynamics on the boundary.

hep-th↗

One loop partition function from normal modes for $ \mathcal{N}=1$ supergravity in AdS$_3$

With the recently discovered formula, which relates the off shell Euclidean one loop determinant to the on shell quantities such as normal and quasinormal modes in real spacetime, we work out the one loop partition function for $\mathcal{N}=1$ supergravity in AdS$_3$ from scratch. In passing, we also provide the explicit expression for one loop determinant of a field with arbitrary spin in AdS$_3$. To achieve this, we firstly derive the determinant expression for the one loop partition function in question using the powerful decomposition technique, and then we construct the normal modes in a purely algebraic way by demonstrating that the space of normal modes falls into the representation of SL(2,$R$) Lie algebra associated to AdS$_3$. The whole procedure developed here turns out to be much simpler than the previous strategy.

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Holographic non-relativistic fermionic fixed point by the charged dilatonic black hole

Driven by the landscape of garden-variety condensed matter systems, we have investigated how the dual spectral function behaves at the non-relativistic as well as relativistic fermionic fixed point by considering the probe Dirac fermion in an extremal charged dilatonic black hole with zero entropy. Although the pattern for both of the appearance of flat band and emergence of Fermi surface is qualitatively similar to that given by the probe fermion in the extremal Reissner-Nordstrom AdS black hole, we find a distinctly different low energy behavior around the Fermi surface, which can be traced back to the different near horizon geometry. In particular, with the peculiar near horizon geometry of our extremal charged dilatonic black hole, the low energy behavior exhibits the universal linear dispersion relation and scaling property, where the former indicates that the dual liquid is a Fermi one while the latter implies that the dual liquid is not exactly of Landau Fermi type.

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Holographic non-relativistic fermionic fixed point and bulk dipole coupling

Inspired by the recently discovered non-relativistic fermionic fixed points, we investigate how the presence of bulk dipole coupling modifies the spectral function at one of these novel fixed points. As a result, although the infinite flat band is always visible in the presence of the bulk dipole coupling as well as chemical potential, the band is modified in a remarkable way at small momenta up to the order of magnitude of bulk dipole coupling. On the other hand, like a phoenix, a new Fermi surface sprouts from the formed gap when the bulk dipole coupling is pushed up further such as to overshadow the charge parameter, which is obviously different from what is found at the relativistic fixed points.

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