arXiv subjects

J. van Tol

Publications and source records attributed to J. van Tol.

28 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

arXiv2009

High Field Phenomena of Qubits

Electron and nuclear spins are very promising candidates to serve as quantum bits (qubits) for proposed quantum computers, as the spin degrees of freedom are relatively isolated from their surroundings, and can be coherently manipulated e.g. through pulsed EPR and NMR. For solid state spin systems, impurities in crystals based on carbon and silicon in various forms have been suggested as qubits, and very long relaxation rates have been observed in such systems. We have investigated a variety of these systems at high magnetic fields in our multi-frequency pulsed EPR/ENDOR spectrometer. A high magnetic field leads to large electron spin polarizations at helium temperatures giving rise to various phenomena that are of interest with respect to quantum computing. For example, it allows the initialization of the both the electron spin as well as hyperfine-coupled nuclear spins in a well defined state by combining millimeter and RF radiation; it can increase the T2 relaxation times by eliminating decoherence due to dipolar interaction; and it can lead to new mechanisms for the coherent electrical readout of electron spins. We will show some examples of these and other effects in Si:P, SiC:N, and nitrogen-related centers in diamond.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2008

Long spin coherence in silicon with an electrical spin trap readout

Pulsed electrically-detected magnetic resonance of phosphorous (31P) in bulk crystalline silicon at very high magnetic fields (B > 8.5 T) and low temperatures (T = 2.8 K) is presented. We find that the spin-dependent capture and reemission of highly polarized (>95%) conduction electrons by equally highly polarized 31P donor electrons introduces less decoherence than other mechanisms for spin-to-charge conversion. This allows the electrical detection of spin coherence times in excess of 100 microseconds: 50 times longer than the previous maximum for electrically-detected spin readout experiments.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2008

Hyperfine structure of Sc@C82 from ESR and DFT

The electron spin g- and hyperfine tensors of the endohedral metallofullerene Sc@C82 are anisotropic. Using electron spin resonance (ESR) and density functional theory (DFT), we can relate their principal axes to the coordinate frame of the molecule, finding that the g-tensor is not axially symmetric. The Sc bond with the cage is partly covalent and partly ionic. Most of the electron spin density is distributed around the carbon cage, but 5% is associated with the scandium d_yz orbital, and this drives the observed anisotropy.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

arXiv2008

Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya Anisotropy in the Spin-1/2 Kagomé Compound ZnCu$_{3}$(OH)$_{6}$Cl$_{2}$

We report the determination of the Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya interaction, the dominant magnetic anisotropy term in the \kagome spin-1/2 compound {\herbert}. Based on the analysis of the high-temperature electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra, we find its main component $|D_z|=15(1)$ K to be perpendicular to the \kagome planes. Through the temperature dependent ESR line-width we observe a building up of nearest-neighbor spin-spin correlations below $\sim$150 K.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2008

Fast nuclear spin hyperpolarization of phosphorus in silicon

We experimentally demonstrate a method for obtaining nuclear spin hyperpolarization, that is, polarization significantly in excess of that expected for a thermal equilibrium. By exploiting a modified Overhauser process, we obtain more than 68% nuclear anti-polarization of phosphorus donors in silicon. This polarization is reached with a time constant of ~150 seconds, at a temperature of 1.37 K and a magnetic field of 8.5 T. The ability to obtain such large polarizations is discussed with regards to its significance for quantum information processing and magnetic resonance imaging.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

arXiv2008

Spin-dependent processes at the crystalline Si-SiO_2 interface at high magnetic fields

An experimental study on the nature of spin-dependent excess charge carrier transitions at the interface between (111) oriented phosphorous doped ([P] ~ 10^15 cm^3) crystalline silicon and silicon dioxide at high magnetic field (B_0 ~ 8.5 T) is presented. Electrically detected magnetic resonance (EDMR) spectra of the hyperfine split 31P donor electron transitions and paramagnetic interface defects were conducted at temperatures in the range 3 K < T < 12 K. The results at these previously unattained (for EDMR) magnetic field strengths reveal the dominance of spin-dependent processes that differ from the previously well investigated recombination between the 31P donor and the P_b state, which dominates at low magnetic fields. While magnetic resonant current responses due to 31P and P_b states are still present, they do not correlate and only the P_b contribution can be associated with an interface process due to spin-dependent tunneling between energetically and physically adjacent P_b states. This work provides an experimental demonstration of spin-dependent tunneling between physically adjacent and identical electronic states as proposed by Kane for readout of donor qubits.

cond-mat.other↗

arXiv2008

Dynamic nuclear polarization with simultaneous excitation of electronic and nuclear transitions

Dynamic nuclear polarization transfers spin polarization from electrons to nuclei. We have achieved this by a new method, simultaneously exciting transitions of electronic and nuclear spins. The efficiency of this technique improves with increasing magnetic field. Experimental results are shown for N@C60 with continuous-wave microwaves, which can be expected to produce even higher polarization than the corresponding pulsed techniques for electron spins greater than 1/2. The degree of nuclear polarization in this case can be easily monitored through the intensities of the well resolved hyperfine components in the EPR spectrum. The nuclear spin-lattice relaxation time is orders of magnitude longer than that of the electrons.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2008

Electron Spin Relaxation and 39K Pulsed ENDOR Studies on Cr5+ doped K3NbO8 at 9.7 and 240 GHz

Cr^5+ doped K_3NbO_8, considered to be useful as a electron spin qubit, has been investigated by pulsed X-band (~9.7 GHz) and 240 GHz electron paramagnetic resonance and electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR). Comparison of the low temperature electronic spin-lattice relaxation rate 1/T_1 at 9.7 and 240 GHz shows that it is 250 times faster at 240 GHz than at X-band. On the other hand, the spin-spin relaxation rate 1/T_2 appears largely frequency independent and is very likely related to the superhyperfine (SHF) coupling of the Cr^5+ electron with the surrounding potassium and niobium nuclei. This coupling was investigated by HYSCORE at 9.7 GHz and pulsed Mims ENDOR at 240 GHz. The high frequency and field enabled us to unambiguously measure the hyperfine and quadrupole couplings of the 39K in spite of its small magnetic moment. We find that the largest 39K SHF coupling is positive, with 0.522 MHz and 0.20 MHz as its isotropic and dipolar parts respectively. 93Nb ENDOR was dominantly due to its quadrapolar interaction, with a coupling of about 0.8 MHz, and a SHF coupling of about 0.08 MHz. The significance of these data to spin qubit studies is pointed out.

physics.chem-ph↗

arXiv2007

Coherent manipulation of electron spins up to ambient temperatures in Cr$^{5+}$(S=1/2) doped K$_3$NbO$_8$

We report coherent spin manipulation on Cr$^{5+}$ (\emph{S} = 1/2, \emph{I} = 0) doped K$_3$NbO$_8$, which constitutes a dilute two-level model relevant for use as a spin qubit. Rabi oscillations are observed for the first time in a spin system based on transition metal oxides up to room temperature. At liquid helium temperature the phase coherence relaxation time \emph{$T_2$} reaches $\sim 10$ $μ$s and, with a Rabi frequency of 20 MHz, yields a single qubit figure of merit \emph{$Q_M$} of about 500. This shows that a diluted ensemble of Cr$^{5+}$ (\emph{S} = 1/2) doped K$_3$NbO$_8$ is a potential candidate for solid-state quantum information processing.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

arXiv2003

Experimental study of MnCl3(C12H8N2) - an S = 2 Heisenberg antiferromagnetic chain

The thermodynamic and magnetic properties of MnCl3(C12H8N2), have been studied down to 2 K. The material is an S = 2 antiferromagnetic linear chain that undergoes long-range ordering to a canted antiferromagnetic state at 23 K. The comparison of magnetic data from polycrystalline samples with the results of specific heat measurements using a pressed pellet of powder reveals the importance of the length of the chains in the sample in relation to the magnetic correlation length.

cond-mat.soft↗