arXiv subjects

Kiwoon Choi

Publications and source records attributed to Kiwoon Choi.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources

arXiv2006

String theoretic QCD axion with stabilized saxion and the pattern of supersymmetry breaking

String theoretic axion is a prime candidate for the QCD axion solving the strong CP problem. For a successful realization of the QCD axion in string theory, one needs to stabilize moduli including the scalar partner (saxion) of the QCD axion, while keeping the QCD axion unfixed until the low energy QCD instanton effects are turned on. We note that a simple generalization of KKLT moduli stabilization provides such set-up realizing the axion solution to the strong CP problem. Although some details of moduli stabilization are different from the original KKLT scenario, this set-up leads to the mirage mediation pattern of soft SUSY breaking terms as in the KKLT case, preserving flavor and CP as a consequence of approximate scaling and axionic shift symmetries. The set-up also gives an interesting pattern of moduli masses which might avoid the cosmological moduli, gravitino and axion problems.

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arXiv2006

Dynamical gauge coupling unification from moduli stabilization

In D-brane models, different part of the 4-dimensional gauge group might originate from D-branes wrapping different cycles in the internal space, and then the standard model gauge couplings at the compactification scale are determined by different cycle-volume moduli. We point out that those cycle-volume moduli can naturally have universal vacuum expectation values up to small deviations suppressed by 1/8π^2 if they are stabilized by KKLT-type non-perturbative superpotential. This dynamical unification of gauge couplings is independent of the detailed form of the moduli Kähler potential, but relies crucially on the existence of low energy supersymmetry. If supersymmetry is broken by an uplifting brane as in KKLT compactification, again independently of the detailed form of the moduli Kähler potential, the moduli-mediated gaugino masses at the compactification scale are universal also, and are comparable to the anomaly-mediated gaugino masses. As a result, both the gauge coupling unification at high energy scale and the mirage mediation pattern of soft supersymmetry breaking masses are achieved naturally even when the different sets of the standard model gauge bosons originate from D-branes wrapping different cycles in the internal space.

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arXiv2006

Supersymmetry Breaking and Moduli Stabilization with Anomalous U(1) Gauge Symmetry

We examine the effects of anomalous U(1)_A gauge symmetry on soft supersymmetry breaking terms while incorporating the stabilization of the modulus-axion multiplet responsible for the Green-Schwarz (GS) anomaly cancellation mechanism. In case of the KKLT stabilization of the GS modulus, soft terms are determined by the GS modulus mediation, the anomaly mediation and the U(1)_A mediation which are generically comparable to each other, thereby yielding the mirage mediation pattern of superparticle masses at low energy scale. Independently of the mechanism of moduli stabilization and supersymmetry breaking, the U(1)_A D-term potential can not be an uplifting potential for de Sitter vacuum when the gravitino mass is smaller than the Planck scale by many orders of magnitude. We also discuss some features of the supersymmetry breaking by red-shifted anti-brane which is a key element of the KKLT moduli stabilization.

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arXiv2005

Moduli stabilization and the pattern of soft SUSY breaking terms

In string compactification preserving N=1 SUSY, moduli fields are plausible candidates for the messenger of SUSY breaking at low energy scales. In a scenario that moduli-mediated SUSY breaking is significant, the pattern of soft SUSY breaking terms depends crucially on how the light moduli with mass m \lesssim O(8π^2 m_{3/2}) are stabilized. We discuss the correspondence between the pattern of soft terms and the stabilization mechanism of light moduli within the framework of 4D effective supergravity which is generalized to include a SUSY-breaking uplifting potential which might be necessary to get the phenomenologically viable de-Sitter (or Minkowski) vacuum. In some special case, light moduli can be stabilized by controllably small perturbative corrections to the Kähler potential, yielding the soft terms dominated by the moduli-mediated contribution. In more generic situation, light moduli are stabilized by non-perturbative effects encoded in the superpotential and a quite different pattern of soft terms emerges: the anomaly-mediated soft terms become comparable to the moduli-mediated ones. Such mixed moduli-anomaly mediated soft terms lead to low energy superparticle masses qualitatively different from those of other mediation models such as mSUGRA scenario, gauge-mediation, and anomaly-mediation.

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arXiv2005

Little SUSY hierarchy in mixed modulus-anomaly mediation

Motivated by the KKLT string compactification involving a supersymmetry-breaking uplifting potential, we examine 4D effective supergravity with a generic form of uplifting potential, focusing on the possibility that the resulting mixed modulus-anomaly mediated soft terms realize the little hierarchy between the Higgs boson masses $m_H$ and the sparticle masses $m_{SUSY}$. It is noted that for some type of uplifting potential, the anomaly-mediated contribution to $m_H^2$ at $M_{GUT}$ can cancel the subsequent renormalization group evolution of $m_H^2$ down to TeV scale, thereby the model can naturally realize the little hierarchy $m_H^2\sim m_{SUSY}^2/8π^2$ which is desirable for the lightest Higgs boson mass to satisfy the experimental bound. In such models, the other Higgs mass parameters $μ$ and $B$ can have the desirable size $μ\sim B \sim m_H$ without severe fine-tuning of parameters, although the gravitino is much heavier than the Higgs boson. Those models for the little hierarchy avoid naturally the dangerous SUSY flavor and CP violations, and predict nearly degenerate low energy gaugino masses, pure Higgsino LSP, and also a specific relation between the stop and gaugino masses.

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arXiv2005

Phenomenology of Mixed Modulus-Anomaly Mediation in Fluxed String Compactifications and Brane Models

In some string compactifications, for instance the recently proposed KKLT set-up, light moduli are stabilized by nonperturbative effects at supersymmetric AdS vacuum which is lifted to a dS vacuum by supersymmetry breaking uplifting potential. In such models, soft supersymmetry breaking terms are determined by a specific mixed modulus-anomaly mediation in which the two mediations typically give comparable contributions to soft parameters. Similar pattern of soft terms can arise also in brane models to stabilize the radion by nonperturbative effects. We examine some phenomenological consequences of this mixed modulus-anomaly mediation, including the pattern of low energy sparticle spectrum and the possibility of electroweak symmetry breaking. It is noted that adding the anomaly-mediated contributions at $M_{GUT}$ amounts to replacing the messenger scale of the modulus mediation by a mirage messenger scale $(m_{3/2}/M_{Pl})^{α/2}M_{GUT}$ where $α=m_{3/2}/[M_0\ln(M_{Pl}/m_{3/2})]$ for $M_0$ denoting the modulus-mediated contribution to the gaugino mass at $M_{GUT}$. The minimal KKLT set-up predicts $α=1$. As a consequence, for $α={\cal O}(1)$, the model can lead to a highly distinctive pattern of sparticle masses at TeV scale, particularly when $α= 2$.

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arXiv2005

Soft Supersymmetry Breaking in KKLT Flux Compactification

We examine the structure of soft supersymmetry breaking terms in KKLT models of flux compactification with low energy supersymmetry. Moduli are stabilized by fluxes and nonperturbative dynamics while a de Sitter vacuum is obtained by adding supersymmetry breaking anti-branes. We discuss the characteristic pattern of mass scales in such a set-up as well as some features of 4D N=1 supergravity breakdown by anti-branes. Anomaly mediation is found to always give an important contribution and one can easily arrange for flavor-independent soft terms. In its most attractive realization, the modulus mediation is comparable to the anomaly mediation, yielding a quite distinctive sparticle spectrum. In addition, the axion component of the modulus/dilaton superfield dynamically cancels the relative CP phase between the contributions of anomaly and modulus mediation, thereby avoiding dangerous SUSY CP violation.

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arXiv2004

Gauged $U(1)_R$ Symmetries and Fayet-Iliopoulos Terms in 5D Orbifold Supergravity

We discuss a gauged $U(1)_R$ supergravity on five-dimensional (5D) orbifold ($S^1/Z_2$) in which both a $Z_2$-even U(1) gauge field and the $Z_2$-odd graviphoton take part in the $U(1)_R$ gauging. Based on the off-shell formulation of 5D supergravity, we analyze the structure of Fayet-Iliopoulos (FI) terms allowed in such model. Introducing a $Z_2$-even $U(1)_R$ gauge field accompanies new bulk and boundary FI terms in addition to the known integrable boundary FI term which could be present in the absence of any gauged $U(1)_R$ symmetry. Some physical consequences of these new FI terms are examined.

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arXiv2004

Fayet-Iliopoulos Terms in 5D Orbifold Supergravity

We discuss a locally supersymmetric formulation for the boundary Fayet-Iliopoulos (FI) terms in 5-dimensional U(1) gauge theory on $S^1/Z_2$, using the four-form multiplier mechanism to introduce the necessary $Z_2$-odd FI coefficient. The physical consequence of the boundary FI terms is studied within the full supergravity framework. For both models giving a flat and a warped spacetime geometry, the only meaningful deformation of vacuum configuration induced by the FI terms is a kink-type vacuum expectation value of the vector multiplet scalar field which generate a 5D kink mass for charged hypermultiplet. This result for the four-form induced boundary FI terms is consistent with the one derived by the superfield formulation of 5D conformal supergravity.

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arXiv2004

Flavor Structure of Scherk-Schwarz Supersymmetry Breaking and Constraints from Low Energy Processes

5D orbifold has two attractive features: quasi-localized matter fields can naturally reproduce hierarchical Yukawa coupling, while supersymmetry breaking is inherently built in by the Scherk-Schwarz mechanism. We examine the consequence of this quasi-localization and the Scherk-Schwarz supersymmetry breaking in low energy flavor violating processes, under the assumption that physics below the compactification scale is described by the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM) and find $BR(μ\to e,γ)$ and $ε_K$ impose stringent constraint on flavor structure of the Scherk-Schwarz supersymmetry breaking. Chirality measurement in lepton flavor violating processes is crucial to deduce the surviving flavor structure.

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arXiv2004

Scherk-Schwarz Supersymmetry Breaking for Quasi-localized Matter Fields and Supersymmetry Flavor Violation

We examine the soft supersymmetry breaking parameters induced by the Scherk-Schwarz (SS) boundary condition in 5-dimensional orbifold field theory in which the quark and lepton zero modes are quasi-localized at the orbifold fixed points to generate the hierarchical Yukawa couplings. In such theories, the radion corresponds to a flavon to generate the flavor hierarchy and at the same time plays the role of the messenger of supersymmetry breaking. As a consequence, the resulting soft scalar masses and trilinear $A$-parameters of matter zero modes at the compactification scale are highly flavor-dependent, thereby can lead to dangerous flavor violations at low energy scales. We analyze in detail the low energy flavor violations in SS-dominated supersymmetry breaking scenario under the assumption that the compactification scale is close to the grand unification scale and the 4-dimensional effective theory below the compactification scale is given by the minimal supersymmetric standard model. Our analysis can be applied to any supersymmetry breaking mechanism giving a sizable $F$-component of the radion superfield, e.g. the hidden gaugino condensation model.

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arXiv2004

One loop gauge couplings in AdS5

We calculate the full 1-loop corrections to the low energy coupling of bulk gauge boson in a slice of AdS5 which are induced by generic 5-dimensional scalar, Dirac fermion, and vector fields with arbitrary Z_2 times Z_2' orbifold boundary conditions. In supersymmetric limit, our results correctly reproduce the results obtained by an independent method based on 4-dimensional effective supergravity. This provides a nontrivial check of our results and assures the regularization scheme-independence of the results.

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arXiv2004

Gauge Unification and Flavor Hierarchy from Extra Dimensions

Extra dimension provides an attractive way to break symmetry by boundary conditions which can be useful to construct a natural grand unified theory avoiding the doublet-triplet splitting problem and the proton decay problem. It can provide also an elegant mechanism to generate hierarchical 4-dimensional Yukawa couplings, involving the quasi-localization of matter fields in extra dimension. We discuss the Kaluza-Klein threshold corrections to low energy gauge couplings in generic 5-dimensional orbifold grand unified theories with quasi-localized matter fields, and apply the results to some class of SU(5) models on $S^1/Z_2\times Z_2$.

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arXiv2004

One-loop Gauge Couplings in Orbifold Field Theories

We discuss the gauge coupling renormalization in orbifold field theories in which the 4-dimensional graviton and/or matter fields are quasi-localized in extra dimension to generate hierarchically different mass scales and/or Yukawa couplings. In such theories, there can be large calculable Kaluza-Klein threshold corrections to low energy gauge couplings, enhanced by the logarithms of small warp factor and/or of small Yukawa couplings. We present the results on those Kaluza-Klein threshold corrections in generic 5-dimensional theory on $S^1/Z_2\times Z_2$ containing arbitrary 5-dimensional gauge, spinor and scalar fields.

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arXiv2003

Flavor Structure of Scherk-Schwarz Supersymmetry Breaking for Quasi-Localized Matter Field

We discuss the flavor structure of soft supersymmetry breaking parameters in 5-dimensional orbifold field theories in which N=1 supersymmetry is broken by the Scherk-Schwarz boundary condition and hierarchical 4-dimensional Yukawa couplings are obtained by quasi-localizing the matter fields in extra dimension. In such theories, the resulting soft scalar masses and trilinear scalar couplings at the compactification scale are highly flavor-dependent, but appropriately suppressed in correlation with Yukawa couplings. Those flavor violations can give interesting phenomenological consequences at low energies as well as constrain the mechanism of Yukawa coupling generation.

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arXiv2003

Electroweak Symmetry Breaking in Supersymmetric Gauge-Higgs Unification Models

We examine the Higgs mass parameters and electroweak symmetry breaking in supersymmetric orbifold field theories in which the 4-dimensional Higgs fields originate from higher-dimensional gauge supermultiplets. It is noted that such gauge-Higgs unification leads to a specific boundary condition on the Higgs mass parameters at the compactification scale, which is independent of the details of supersymmetry breaking mechanism. With this boundary condition, phenomenologically viable parameter space of the model is severely constrained by the condition of electroweak symmetry breaking for supersymmetry breaking scenarios which can be realized naturally in orbifold field theories. For instance, if it is assumed that the 4-dimensional effective theory is the minimal supersymmetric standard model with supersymmetry breaking parameters induced mainly by the Scherk-Schwarz mechanism, a correct electroweak symmetry breaking can not be achieved for reasonable range of parameters of the model, even when one includes additional contributions to the Higgs mass parameters from the auxiliary component of 4-dimensional conformal compensator. However if there exists a supersymmetry breaking mediated by brane superfield, sizable portion of the parameter space can give a correct electroweak symmetry breaking.

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arXiv2003

Flavor Hierarchy from Extra Dimension and Gauge Threshold Correction

Dynamical quasi-localization of matter fields in extra dimension is an elegant mechanism to generate hierarchical 4-dimensional Yukawa couplings. We point out that a bulk matter field whose zero mode is quasi-localized can give a large Kaluza-Klein threshold correction to low energy gauge couplings, which is generically of the order of ln (Yukawa)/8pi^2, so it can significantly affect gauge coupling unification. We compute such threshold corrections in generic 5-dimensional theories compactified on S^1/Z_2 X Z_2, and apply the result to grand unified theories on orbifold generating small Yukawa couplings through quasi-localization.

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arXiv2003

A QCD Axion from Higher Dimensional Gauge Field

We point out that a QCD axion solving the strong CP problem can arise naturally from parity-odd gauge field C_M in 5-dimensional (5D) orbifold field theory. The required axion coupling to the QCD anomaly comes from the 5D Chern-Simons coupling, and all other unwanted U(1)_{PQ} breaking axion couplings can be avoided naturally by the 5D gauge symmetry of C_M and the 5D locality. If the fifth dimension is warped, the resulting axion scale is suppressed by small warp factor compared to the Planck scale, thereby the model can generate naturally an intermediate axion scale f_a=10^{10} - 10^{12}GeV.

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