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Matthew P. A. Fisher

Publications and source records attributed to Matthew P. A. Fisher.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources

Fractionalization in the cuprates: Detecting the topological order

The precise theoretical characterization of a fractionalized phase in spatial dimensions higher than one is through the concept of ``topological order''. We describe a physical effect that is a robust and direct consequence of this hidden order that should enable a precise experimental characterization of fractionalized phases. In particular, we propose specific ``smoking-gun'' experiments to unambiguously settle the issue of electron fractionalization in the underdoped cuprates.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

Quasiparticle Localization Transition in Dirty Superconductors

In this paper, a delocalization-localization transition within the superconducting state is explored. The symmetries of the Bogoliubov deGennes Hamiltonian endow the two associated superconducting phases - the thermal metal and the thermal insulator-, and the critical point between them with properties that are in stark contrast with analogous phases in normal systems. Here, for systems preserving spin rotational invariance and time reversal symmetry in three dimensions, the transition is shown to be of a different universality class from its normal partner by extracting and comparing the localization length exponent. The density of states, which may be regarded as the 'order parameter' for the field theory describing the superconducting system, is studied for its unusual properties about criticality.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

Short-Range Interactions and Scaling Near Integer Quantum Hall Transitions

We study the influence of short-range electron-electron interactions on scaling behavior near the integer quantum Hall plateau transitions. Short-range interactions are known to be irrelevant at the renormalization group fixed point which represents the transition in the non-interacting system. We find, nevertheless, that transport properties change discontinuously when interactions are introduced. Most importantly, in the thermodynamic limit the conductivity at finite temperature is zero without interactions, but non-zero in the presence of arbitrarily weak interactions. In addition, scaling as a function of frequency, $ω$, and temperature, $T$, is determined by the scaling variable $ω/T^p$ (where $p$ is the exponent for the temperature dependence of the inelastic scattering rate) and not by $ω/T$, as it would be at a conventional quantum phase transition described by an interacting fixed point. We express the inelastic exponent, $p$, and the thermal exponent, $z_T$, in terms of the scaling dimension, $-α< 0$, of the interaction strength and the dynamical exponent $z$ (which has the value $z=2$), obtaining $p=1+2α/z$ and $z_T=2/p$.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

Non-linear Transport in Quantum-Hall Smectics

Recent transport experiments have established that two-dimensional electron systems with high-index partial Landau level filling, $ν^{*} =ν- \lbrack ν\rbrack$, have ground states with broken orientational symmetry. In a mean-field theory, the broken symmetry state consists of electron stripes with local filling factor $\lbrack ν\rbrack + 1 $, separated by hole stripes with filling factor $\lbrack ν\rbrack$. We have recently developed a theory of these states in which the electron stripes are treated as one-dimensional electron systems coupled by interactions and described by using a Luttinger liquid model. Among other things, this theory predicts non-linearities of opposite sign in easy and hard direction resistivities. In this article we briefly review our theory, focusing on its predictions for the dependence of non-linear transport exponents on the separation $d$ between the two-dimensional electron system and a co-planar screening layer.

cond-mat↗

Quantum Confinement Transition and Cuprate Criticality

Theoretical attempts to explain the origin of high temperature superconductivity are challenged by the complexity of the normal state, which exhibits three regimes with increasing hole doping: a pseudo-gap regime when underdoped, strange power laws near optimal doping and more conventional metallic behavior when heavily overdoped. We suggest that the origin of this behavior is linked to a zero temperature quantum phase transition separating the overdoped Fermi liquid from a spin-charge separated underdoped phase. Central to our analysis is a new $Z_2$ gauge theory formulation, which supports topological vortex excitations - dubbed visons. The visons are gapped in the underdoped phase, splitting the electron's charge and Fermi statistics into two separate excitations. Superconductivity occurs when the resulting charge $e$ boson condenses. The visons are condensed in the overdoped phase, thereby confining the charge and statistics of the electron leading to a Fermi liquid phase. Right at the quantum confinement transition the visons are in a critical state, leading to power law behavior for both charge and spin.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

Z_2 Gauge Theory of Electron Fractionalization in Strongly Correlated Systems

We develop a new theoretical framework for describing and analyzing exotic phases of strongly correlated electrons which support excitations with fractional quantum numbers. Starting with a class of microscopic models believed to capture much of the essential physics of the cuprate superconductors, we derive a new gauge theory - based upon a {\it discrete} Ising or Z_2 symmetry - which interpolates naturally between an antiferromagnetic Mott insulator and a conventional d-wave superconductor. We explore the intervening regime, and demonstrate the possible existence of an exotic fractionalized insulator - the nodal liquid - as well as various more conventional insulating phases exhibiting broken lattice symmetries. A crucial role is played by vortex configurations in the Z_2 gauge field. Fractionalization is obtained if they are uncondensed. Within the insulating phases, the dynamics of these Z_2 vortices in two dimensions (2d) is described, after a duality transformation, by an Ising model in a transverse field - the Ising spins representing the Z_2 vortices. The presence of an unusual Berry's phase term in the gauge theory, leads to a doping-dependent "frustration" in the dual Ising model, being fully frustrated at half-filling. The Z_2 gauge theory is readily generalized to a variety of different situations - in particular, it can also describe 3d insulators with fractional quantum numbers. We point out that the mechanism of fractionalization for d>1 is distinct from the well-known 1d spin-charge separation. Other interesting results include a description of an exotic fractionalized superconductor in two or higher dimensions.

cond-mat.str-el↗

Dissipationless transport in low density bilayer systems

In a bilayer electronic system the layer index may be viewed as the z-component of an isospin-1/2. An XY isospin-ordered ferromagnetic phase was observed in quantum Hall systems and is predicted to exist at zero magnetic field at low density. This phase is a superfluid for opposite currents in the two layers. At B=0 the system is gapless but superfluidity is not destroyed by weak disorder. In the quantum Hall case, weak disorder generates a random gauge field which probably does not destroy superfluidity. Experimental signatures include Coulomb drag and collective mode measurements.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

Quantum Theory of Quantum-Hall Smectics

We propose a quantum stripe (smectic) coupled-Luttinger-liquid model for the anisotropic states which occur in two-dimensional electron systems with high-index partial Landau level filling, $ν^{*} = ν- \lbrackν\rbrack$. Perturbative renormalization group calculations establish that interaction terms neglected in this model are relevant - probably driving the system into an anisotropic Wigner crystal---but for $0.4 \lesssim ν^{*} \lesssim 0.6$ only below temperatures which are outside of the experimentally accessible range. We argue that the Hall conductance of the ground state flows toward $\lbrackν\rbrack e^{2}/h$ and $(\lbrackν\rbrack + 1) e^{2}/h$ respectively, on the low and high filling factor sides of this range, consistent with recent observations. A semiclassical theory of smectic state transport properties, which incorporates Luttinger liquid effects in the evaluation of scattering amplitudes, accounts for the magnitude of the dissipative resistivities at $ν^{*}=1/2$, for their $ν^{*}$-dependence, and for the observation of non-linearities of opposite sign in easy and hard direction resistivities.

cond-mat↗

Quasiparticle localization in superconductors with spin-orbit scattering

We develop a theory of quasiparticle localization in superconductors in situations without spin rotation invariance. We discuss the existence, and properties of superconducting phases with localized/delocalized quasiparticle excitations in such systems in various dimensionalities. Implications for a variety of experimental systems, and to the properties of random Ising models in two dimensions, are briefly discussed.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

Superconducting ``metals'' and ``insulators''

We propose a characterization of zero temperature phases in disordered superconductors on the basis of the nature of quasiparticle transport. In three dimensional systems, there are two distinct phases in close analogy to the distinction between normal metals and insulators: the superconducting "metal" with delocalized quasiparticle excitations and the superconducting "insulator" with localized quasiparticles. We describe experimental realizations of either phase, and study their general properties theoretically. We suggest experiments where it should be possible to tune from one superconducting phase to the other, thereby probing a novel "metal-insulator" transition inside a superconductor. We point out various implications of our results for the phase transitions where the superconductor is destroyed at zero temperature to form either a normal metal or a normal insulator.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

Dual Vortex Theory of Strongly Interacting Electrons: Non-Fermi Liquid to the (Hard) Core

As discovered in the quantum Hall effect, a very effective way for strongly-repulsive electrons to minimize their potential energy is to aquire non-zero relative angular momentum. We pursue this mechanism for interacting two-dimensional electrons in zero magnetic field, by employing a representation of the electrons as composite bosons interacting with a Chern-Simons gauge field. This enables us to construct a dual description in which the fundamental constituents are vortices in the auxiliary boson fields. The resulting formalism embraces a cornucopia of possible phases. Remarkably, superconductivity is a generic feature, while the Fermi liquid is not -- prompting us to conjecture that such a state may not be possible when the interactions are sufficiently strong. Many aspects of our earlier discussions of the nodal liquid and spin-charge separation find surprising incarnations in this new framework.

cond-mat.str-el↗

The spin quantum Hall effect in unconventional superconductors

We study the properties of the "spin quantum Hall fluid" - a novel spin phase with quantized spin Hall conductance that is potentially realizable in superconducting systems with unconventional pairing symmetry. A simple realization is provided by a $d_{x^2-y^2} + id_{xy}$ superconductor which we argue has a dimensionless spin Hall conductance equal to two. A theory of the edge states of the $d_{x^2-y^2}+id_{xy}$ superconductor is developed. The properties of the transition to a phase with vanishing spin Hall conductance induced by disorder are considered. We construct a description of this transition in terms of a supersymmetric spin chain, and use it to numerically determine universal properties of the transition. We discuss various possible experimental probes of this quantum Hall physics.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

Mott Insulators, Spin Liquids and Quantum Disordered Superconductivity

These introductory lecture notes describe recent results on novel Mott insulating phases which are "descendents" of superconductors - obtained by "quantum disordering". After a brief overview of quantum magnetism, attention is focussed on the spin-liquid phase of the two-leg Hubbard ladder and the "nodal liquid" - a descendent of the $d_{x^2-y^2}$ superconductor. These notes, which will appear in a future Les Houches publication, are self-contained and an effort has been made to keep them accessible.

cond-mat.str-el↗

Quasiparticle density of states in dirty high-T_c superconductors

We study the density of quasiparticle states of dirty d-wave superconductors. We show the existence of singular corrections to the density of states due to quantum interference effects. We then argue that the density of states actually vanishes in the localized phase as $|E|$ or $E^2$ depending on whether time reversal is a good symmetry or not. We verify this result for systems without time reversal symmetry in one dimension using supersymmetry techniques. This simple, instructive calculation also provides the exact universal scaling function for the density of states for the crossover from ballistic to localized behaviour in one dimension. Above two dimensions, we argue that in contrast to the conventional Anderson localization transition, the density of states has critical singularities which we calculate in a $2+ε$ expansion. We discuss consequences of our results for various experiments on dirty high-$T_c$ materials.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

Quasiparticle transport and localization in high-T_c superconductors

We present a theory of the effects of impurity scattering in d_{x^2-y^2} superconductors and their quantum disordered counterparts, based on a non-linear sigma model formulation. We show the existence, in a quasi-two-dimensional system, of a novel spin-metal phase with a non-zero spin diffusion constant at zero temperature. With decreasing inter-layer coupling, the system undergoes a quantum phase transition (in a new universality class) to a localized spin-insulator. Experimental implications for spin and thermal transport in the high-temperature superconductors are discussed.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

Nodal Liquid Theory of the Pseudo-Gap Phase of High-Tc Superconductors

We introduce and study the nodal liquid, a novel zero-temperature quantum phase obtained by quantum-disordering a d-wave superconductor. It has numerous remarkable properties which lead us to suggest it as an explanation of the pseudo-gap state in underdoped high-temperature superconductors. In the absence of impurities, these include power-law magnetic order, a T-linear spin susceptibility, non-trivial thermal conductivity, and two- and one-particle charge gaps, the latter evidenced, e.g. in transport and electron photoemission (which exhibits pronounced fourfold anisotropy inherited from the d-wave quasiparticles). We use a 2+1-dimensional duality transformation to derive an effective field theory for this phase. The theory is comprised of gapless neutral Dirac particles living at the former d-wave nodes, weakly coupled to the fluctuating gauge field of a dual Ginzburg-Landau theory. The nodal liquid interpolates naturally between the d-wave superconductor and the insulating antiferromagnet, and our effective field theory is powerful enough to permit a detailed analysis of a panoply of interesting phenomena, including charge ordering, antiferromagnetism, and d-wave superconductivity. We also discuss the zero-temperature quantum phase transitions which separate the nodal liquid from various ordered phases.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

Mode-Locking in Quantum-Hall-Effect Point Contacts

We study the effect of an ac drive on the current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of a tunnel junction between two fractional Quantum Hall fluids at filling $ν^{-1}$ an odd integer. Within the chiral Luttinger liquid model of edge states, the point contact dynamics is described by a driven damped quantum mechanical pendulum. In a semi-classical limit which ignores electron tunnelling, this model exhibits mode-locking, which corresponds to current plateaus in the I-V curve at integer multiples of $I= eω/2π$, with $ω$ the ac drive angular frequency. By analyzing the full quantum model at non-zero $ν$ using perturbative and exact methods, we study the effect of quantum fluctuation on the mode-locked plateaus. For $ν=1$ quantum fluctuations smear completely the plateaus, leaving no trace of the ac drive. For $ν\ge 1/2$ smeared plateaus remain in the I-V curve, but are not centered at the currents $I=n e ω/2π$. For $ν< 1/2$ rounded plateaus centered around the quantized current values are found. The possibility of using mode locking in FQHE point contacts as a current-to-frequency standard is discussed.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

The N-chain Hubbard Model in Weak Coupling

We present a systematic weak-coupling renormalization group (RG) technique for studying a collection of $N$ coupled one-dimensional interacting electron systems, focusing on the example of N-leg Hubbard ladders. For $N=2,3$, we recover previous results, and find that also more generally broad regions of the phase space of these models are unstable to pairing, usually with approximate d-wave symmetry. We show how these instabilities can be understood in terms of a fairly conventional ``gap'' function $Δ$ at the discretized Fermi surface, and describe how this function is calculated. The dimensional crossovers as $N \to \infty$ and as many such ladders are weakly coupled together are also discussed.

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