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Raoul Santachiara

Publications and source records attributed to Raoul Santachiara.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

Liouville field theory and log-correlated Random Energy Models

An exact mapping is established between the $c\geq25$ Liouville field theory (LFT) and the Gibbs measure statistics of a thermal particle in a 2D Gaussian Free Field plus a logarithmic confining potential. The probability distribution of the position of the minimum of the energy landscape is obtained exactly by combining the conformal bootstrap and one-step replica symmetry breaking methods. Operator product expansions in LFT allow to unveil novel universal behaviours of the log-correlated Random Energy class. High precision numerical tests are given.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗

Second level semi-degenerate fields in W3 Toda theory: matrix element and differential equation

In a recent study we considered W3 Toda 4-point functions that involve matrix elements of a primary field with the highest-weight in the adjoint representation of sl3. We generalize this result by considering a semi-degenerate primary field, which has one null vector at level two. We obtain a sixth-order Fuchsian differential equation for the conformal blocks. We discuss the presence of multiplicities, the matrix elements and the fusion rules.

hep-th↗

Conformal field theory of critical Casimir forces between surfaces with alternating boundary conditions in two dimensions

Systems as diverse as binary mixtures and inclusions in biological membranes, and many more, can be described effectively by interacting spins. When the critical fluctuations in these systems are constrained by boundary conditions, critical Casimir forces (CCF) emerge. Here we analyze CCF between boundaries with alternating boundary conditions in two dimensions, employing conformal field theory (CFT). After presenting the concept of boundary changing operators, we specifically consider two different boundary configurations for a strip of critical Ising spins: (I) alternating equi-sized domains of up and down spins on both sides of the strip, with a possible lateral shift, and (II) alternating domains of up and down spins of different size on one side and homogeneously fixed spins on the other side of the strip. Asymptotic results for the CCF at small and large distances are derived. We introduce a novel modified Szegö formula for determinants of real antisymmetric block Toeplitz matrices to obtain the exact CCF and the corresponding scaling functions at all distances. We demonstrate the existence of a surface Renormalization Group flow between universal force amplitudes of different magnitude and sign. The Casimir force can vanish at a stable equilibrium position that can be controlled by parameters of the boundary conditions. Lateral Casimir forces assume a universal simple cosine form at large separations.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗

A conformal bootstrap approach to critical percolation in two dimensions

We study four-point functions of critical percolation in two dimensions, and more generally of the Potts model. We propose an exact ansatz for the spectrum: an infinite, discrete and non-diagonal combination of representations of the Virasoro algebra. Based on this ansatz, we compute four-point functions using a numerical conformal bootstrap approach. The results agree with Monte-Carlo computations of connectivities of random clusters.

hep-th↗

Correlation functions with fusion-channel multiplicity in W3 Toda field theory

Current studies of WN Toda field theory focus on correlation functions such that the WN highest-weight representations in the fusion channels are multiplicity-free. In this work, we study W3 Toda 4-point functions with multiplicity in the fusion channel. The conformal blocks of these 4-point functions involve matrix elements of a fully-degenerate primary field with a highest-weight in the adjoint representation of sl3, and a semi-degenerate primary field with a highest-weight in the fundamental representation of sl3. We show that, when the fusion rules are obeyed, the matrix elements of the fully-degenerate adjoint field, between two arbitrary descendant states, can be computed explicitly, on equal footing with the matrix elements of the semi-degenerate fundamental field. Using null-state conditions, we obtain a fourth-order Fuchsian differential equation for the conformal blocks. Using Okubo theory, we show that, due to the presence of multiplicities, this differential equation belongs to a class of Fuchsian equations that is different from those that have appeared so far in WN theories. We solve this equation, compute its monodromy group, and construct the monodromy-invariant correlation functions.

hep-th↗

Extreme value statistics of 2d Gaussian Free Field: effect of finite domains

We study minima statistics of the 2d Gaussian Free Field on circles in the unit disk with Dirichlet boundary condition. Free energy distributions of the associated Random Energy models are exactly calculated in the high temperature phase, and shown to satisfy the duality property, which enables us to predict the minima distribution by assuming the freezing scenario. Numerical tests are provided. Related questions concerning the GFF on a sphere are also considered.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗

AGT, N-Burge partitions and W_N minimal models

Let ${\mathcal B}^{\, p, \, p^{\prime}, \, {\mathcal H}}_{N, n}$ be a conformal block, with $n$ consecutive channels $χ_ı$, $ı= 1, \cdots, n$, in the conformal field theory $\mathcal{M}^{\, p, \, p^{\prime}}_N \! \times \! \mathcal{M}^{\mathcal{H}}$, where $\mathcal{M}^{\, p, \, p^{\prime}}_N$ is a $\mathcal{W}_N$ minimal model, generated by chiral fields of spin $1, \cdots, N$, and labeled by two co-prime integers $p$ and $p^{\prime}$, $1 < p < p^{\prime}$, while $\mathcal{M}^{\mathcal{H}}$ is a free boson conformal field theory. $\mathcal{B}^{\, p, \, p^{\prime}, \mathcal{H}}_{N, n}$ is the expectation value of vertex operators between an initial and a final state. Each vertex operator is labelled by a charge vector that lives in the weight lattice of the Lie algebra $A_{N-1}$, spanned by weight vectors $ω_1, \cdots, ω_{N-1}$. We restrict our attention to conformal blocks with vertex operators whose charge vectors point along $ω_1$. The charge vectors that label the initial and final states can point in any direction. Following the $\mathcal{W}_N$ AGT correspondence, and using Nekrasov's instanton partition functions without modification, to compute $\mathcal{B}^{\, p, \, p^{\prime}, \mathcal{H}}_{N, n}$, leads to ill-defined expressions. We show that restricting the states that flow in the channels $χ_ı$, $ı= 1, \cdots, n$, to states labeled by $N$ partitions that satisfy conditions that we call $N$-Burge partitions, leads to well-defined expressions that we identify with $\mathcal{B}^{\, p, \, p^{\prime}, \, \mathcal{H}}_{N, n}$. We check our identification by showing that a specific non-trivial conformal block that we compute, using the $N$-Burge conditions satisfies the expected differential equation.

hep-th↗

Conformal invariance of loop ensembles under Kardar-Parisi-Zhang dynamics

We study scaling properties of the honeycomb fully packed loop ensemble associated with a lozenge tiling model of rough surface, when the latter is driven out of equilibrium by Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) type dynamics. We show numerically that conformal invariance and signatures of critical percolation appear in the stationary KPZ state. In terms of the two-component Coulomb gas description of the Edwards-Wilkinson stationary state, our finding is understood as the invariance of one component under the effect of the non-linear KPZ term. On the other hand, we show a breaking of conformal invariance when the level lines of the other component are considered.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗

Critical Casimir Force between Inhomogeneous Boundaries

To study the critical Casimir force between chemically structured boundaries immersed in a binary mixture at its demixing transition, we consider a strip of Ising spins subject to alternating fixed spin boundary conditions. The system exhibits a boundary induced phase transition as function of the relative amount of up and down boundary spins. This transition is associated with a sign change of the asymptotic force and a diverging correlation length that sets the scale for the crossover between different universal force amplitudes. Using conformal field theory and a mapping to Majorana fermions, we obtain the universal scaling function of this crossover, and the force at short distances.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗

Local logarithmic correlators as limits of Coulomb gas integrals

We will describe how logarithmic singularities arise as limits of Coulomb Gas integrals. Our approach will combine analytic properties of the time-like Liouville structure constants, together with the recursive formula of the Virasoro conformal blocks. Although the Coulomb Gas formalism forces a diagonal coupling between the chiral and antichiral sectors of the Conformal Field Theory (CFT), we present new results for the multi-screening integrals which are potentially interesting for applications to critical statistical systems described by Logarithmic CFTs. In particular our findings extend and complement previous results, derived with Coulomb Gas methods, at $c=0$ and $c=-2$.

hep-th↗

Spin clusters and conformal field theory

We study numerically the fractal dimensions and the bulk three-point connectivity for the spin clusters of the Q-state Potts model in two dimensions with $1\leq Q\leq 4$. We check that the usually invoked correspondence between FK clusters and spin clusters works at the level of fractal dimensions. However, the fine structure of the conformal field theories describing critical clusters first manifests at the level of the three-point connectivities. Contrary to what recently found for FK clusters, no obvious relation emerges for generic Q between the spin cluster connectivity and the structure constants obtained from analytic continuation of the minimal model ones. The numerical results strongly suggest then that spin and FK clusters are described by conformal field theories with different realizations of the color symmetry of the Potts model.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗

Connectivities of Potts Fortuin-Kasteleyn clusters and time-like Liouville correlator

Recently, two of us argued that the probability that an FK cluster in the Q-state Potts model connects three given points is related to the time-like Liouville three-point correlation function. Moreover, they predicted that the FK three-point connectivity has a prefactor which unveils the effects of a discrete symmetry, reminiscent of the S_Q permutation symmetry of the Q=2,3,4 Potts model. Their theoretical prediction has been checked for the case of percolation, corresponding to Q=1. We revisit the derivation of the time-like Liouville correlator given by Al. Zamolodchikov and show that this is the the only consistent analytic continuation of the minimal model structure constants. We then present strong numerical tests of the relation between the time-like Liouville correlator and percolative properties of the FK clusters for real values of Q.

hep-th↗

Conformal blocks in Virasoro and W theories: duality and the Calogero-Sutherland model

We study the properties of the conformal blocks of the conformal field theories with Virasoro or W-extended symmetry. When the conformal blocks contain only second-order degenerate fields, the conformal blocks obey second order differential equations and they can be interpreted as ground-state wave functions of a trigonometric Calogero-Sutherland Hamiltonian with non-trivial braiding properties. A generalized duality property relates the two types of second order degenerate fields. By studying this duality we found that the excited states of the Calogero-Sutherland Hamiltonian are characterized by two partitions, or in the case of WA_{k-1} theories by k partitions. By extending the conformal field theories under consideration by a u(1) field, we find that we can put in correspondence the states in the Hilbert state of the extended CFT with the excited non-polynomial eigenstates of the Calogero-Sutherland Hamiltonian. When the action of the Calogero-Sutherland integrals of motion is translated on the Hilbert space, they become identical to the integrals of motion recently discovered by Alba, Fateev, Litvinov and Tarnopolsky in Liouville theory in the context of the AGT conjecture. Upon bosonisation, these integrals of motion can be expressed as a sum of two, or in general k, bosonic Calogero-Sutherland Hamiltonian coupled by an interaction term with a triangular structure. For special values of the coupling constant, the conformal blocks can be expressed in terms of Jack polynomials with pairing properties, and they give electron wave functions for special Fractional Quantum Hall states

hep-th↗

Critical interfaces and duality in the Ashkin Teller model

We report on the numerical measures on different spin interfaces and FK cluster boundaries in the Askhin-Teller (AT) model. For a general point on the AT critical line, we find that the fractal dimension of a generic spin cluster interface can take one of four different possible values. In particular we found spin interfaces whose fractal dimension is d_f=3/2 all along the critical line. Further, the fractal dimension of the boundaries of FK clusters were found to satisfy all along the AT critical line a duality relation with the fractal dimension of their outer boundaries. This result provides a clear numerical evidence that such duality, which is well known in the case of the O(n) model, exists in a extended CFT.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗

Electron-Quasihole Duality and Second Order Differential Equation for Read-Rezayi and Jacks Wavefunctions

We consider the quasihole wavefunctions of the non-abelian Read-Rezayi quantum Hall states which are given by the conformal blocks of the minimal model WA_{k-1}(k+1,k+2) of the WA_{k-1} algebra. By studying the degenerate representations of this conformal field theories, we derive a second order differential equation satisfied by a general many-quasihole wavefunction. We find a duality between the differential equations fixing the electron and quasihole wavefunctions. They both satisfy the Laplace-Beltrami equation. We use this equation to obtain an analytic expression for the generic wavefunction with one excess flux. These results also apply to the more general models WA_{k-1}(k+1,k+r) corresponding to the recently introduced Jack states.

cond-mat.str-el↗

Critical interfaces of the Ashkin-Teller model at the parafermionic point

We present an extensive study of interfaces defined in the Z_4 spin lattice representation of the Ashkin-Teller (AT) model. In particular, we numerically compute the fractal dimensions of boundary and bulk interfaces at the Fateev-Zamolodchikov point. This point is a special point on the self-dual critical line of the AT model and it is described in the continuum limit by the Z_4 parafermionic theory. Extending on previous analytical and numerical studies [10,12], we point out the existence of three different values of fractal dimensions which characterize different kind of interfaces. We argue that this result may be related to the classification of primary operators of the parafermionic algebra. The scenario emerging from the studies presented here is expected to unveil general aspects of geometrical objects of critical AT model, and thus of c=1 critical theories in general.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗

Moore-Read Fractional Quantum Hall wavefunctions and SU(2) quiver gauge theories

We identify Moore-Read wavefunctions, describing non-abelian statistics in fractional quantum Hall systems, with the instanton partition of N=2 superconformal quiver gauge theories at suitable values of masses and Ω-background parameters. This is obtained by extending to rational conformal field theories the SU(2) gauge quiver/Liouville field theory duality recently found by Alday-Gaiotto-Tachikawa. A direct link between the Moore-Read Hall $n$-body wavefunctions and Z_n-equivariant Donaldson polynomials is pointed out.

hep-th↗

Clustering properties, Jack polynomials and unitary conformal field theories

Recently, Jack polynomials have been proposed as natural generalizations of Z_k Read-Rezayi states describing non-Abelian fractional quantum Hall systems. These polynomials are conjectured to be related to correlation functions of a class of W-conformal field theories based on the Lie algebra A_{k-1}. These theories can be considered as non-unitary solutions of a more general series of CFTs with Z_k symmetry, the parafermionic theories. Starting from the observation that some parafermionic theories admit unitary solutions as well, we show, by computing the corresponding correlation functions, that these theories provide trial wavefunctions which satisfy the same clustering properties as the non-unitary ones. We show explicitly that, although the wavefunctions constructed by unitary CFTs cannot be expressed as a single Jack polynomial, they still show a fine structure where the mathematical properties of the Jack polynomials play a major role.

cond-mat.str-el↗