arXiv subjects

Yoshio Kuramoto

Publications and source records attributed to Yoshio Kuramoto.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

arXiv2011

Disorder-Induced Multiple Transition involving Z2 Topological Insulator

Effects of disorder on two-dimensional Z2 topological insulator are studied numerically by the transfer matrix method. Based on the scaling analysis, the phase diagram is derived for a model of HgTe quantum well as a function of disorder strength and magnitude of the energy gap. In the presence of sz non-conserving spin-orbit coupling, a finite metallic region is found that partitions the two topologically distinct insulating phases. As disorder increases, a narrow-gap topologically trivial insulator undergoes a series of transitions; first to metal, second to topological insulator, third to metal, and finally back to trivial insulator. We show that this multiple transition is a consequence of two disorder effects; renormalization of the band gap, and Anderson localization. The metallic region found in the scaling analysis corresponds roughly to the region of finite density of states at the Fermi level evaluated in the self-consistent Born approximation.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

arXiv2010

Microscopic Mechanism for Staggered Scalar Order in PrFe4P12

A microscopic model is proposed for the scalar order in PrFe4P12 where f2 crystalline electric field (CEF) singlet and triplet states interact with two conduction bands. By combining the dynamical mean-field theory and the continuous-time quantum Monte Carlo, we obtain an electronic order with staggered Kondo and CEF singlets with the total conduction number being unity per site. The ground state becomes semimetallic provided that the two conduction bands have different occupation numbers. This model naturally explains experimentally observed properties in the ordered phase of PrFe4P12 such as the scalar order parameter, temperature dependence of the resistivity, field-induced staggered moment, and inelastic features in neutron scattering. The Kondo effect plays an essential role for ordering, in strong contrast with ordinary magnetic orders by the RKKY interaction.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2010

Electronic Orders Induced by Kondo Effect in Non-Kramers f-Electron Systems

This paper clarifies the microscopic nature of the staggered scalar order, which is specific to even number of f electrons per site. In such systems, crystalline electric field (CEF) can make a singlet ground state. As exchange interaction with conduction electrons increases, the CEF singlet at each site gives way to Kondo singlets. The collective Kondo singlets are identified with itinerant states that form energy bands. Near the boundary of itinerant and localized states, a new type of electronic order appears with staggered Kondo and CEF singlets. We present a phenomenological three-state model that qualitatively reproduces the characteristic phase diagram, which have been obtained numerically with use of the continuous-time quantum Monte Carlo combined with the dynamical mean-field theory. The scalar order observed in PrFe_4P_{12} is ascribed to this staggered order accompanying charge density wave (CDW) of conduction electrons. Accurate photoemission and tunneling spectroscopy should be able to probe sharp peaks below and above the Fermi level in the ordered phase.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2010

Helical Edge Modes near Transition to Topological Insulator with Indirect Gap

Helical edge modes are characteristic of topological insulators in two dimensions. This paper demonstrates that helical edge modes remain across transitions to ordinary insulators or to semimetals under certain condition. Straight and zigzag edges are considered in a tight-binding model on square lattice. We focus on the case of indirect gap in bulk topological insulators, and obtain the spectrum of edge modes on both sides of transitions. For straight edge, the helical edge mode in topological insulators with strong particle-hole asymmetry has a reentrant region in momentum space. Edge modes show up even in ordinary insulators, but are absent in semimetals. In zigzag edge, the helical edge mode survives in both semimetals and ordinary insulators. However, the edge modes are absent inside the energy gap of ordinary insulators. All results are obtained analytically.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

arXiv2010

Mesoscopic spin Hall effect along a potential step in graphene

We consider a straight one-dimensional potential step created across a graphene flake. Charge and spin transport through such a potential step are studied in the presence of both intrinsic and extrinsic (Rashba) spin-orbit coupling (SOC). At normal incidence electrons are completely reflected when the Rashba interaction (with strength $λ_R$) is dominant whereas they are perfectly transmitted if the two types of SOC are exactly balanced. At normal incidence, the transmission probability of the step is thus controlled continuously from 0 to 1 by tuning the ratio of the two types of SOC. Besides the transport of charge in the direction normal to the barrier, we show the existence of a spin transport along the barrier. The magnitude of the spin Hall current is determined by a subtle interplay between the height of the potential step and the position of Fermi energy. It is demonstrated that contributions from inter-band matrix elements and evanescent modes are dominant in spin transport. Moreover, in the case of vanishing extrinsic SOC ($λ_R =0$), each channel carries a conserved spin current, in contrast to the general case of a finite $λ_R$, in which only integrated spin current is a conserved quantity. Finally, we provide a quasi-classical picture of the charge and spin transport by imaging flow lines over the entire sample and Veselago lensing (negative refraction) in the case of a $p-n$ junction.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

arXiv2010

Zigzag edge modes in Z2 topological insulator: reentrance and completely flat spectrum

The spectrum and wave function of helical edge modes in Z_2 topological insulator are derived on a square lattice using Bernevig-Hughes-Zhang (BHZ) model. The BHZ model is characterized by a "mass" term M (k) that is parameterized as M (k) = Delta - B k^2. A topological insulator realizes when the parameters Delta and B fall on the regime, either 0 < Delta /B < 4 or 4 < Delta /B < 8. At Delta /B = 4, which separates the cases of positive and negative (quantized) spin Hall conductivities, the edge modes show a corresponding change that depends on the edge geometry. In the (1,0)-edge, the spectrum of edge mode remains the same against change of Delta /B, although the main location of the mode moves from the zone center for Delta /B < 4, to the zone boundary for Delta /B > 4 of the 1D Brillouin zone. In the (1,1)-edge geometry, the group velocity at the zone center changes sign at Delta /B = 4 where the spectrum becomes independent of the momentum, i.e. flat, over the whole 1D Brillouin zone. Furthermore, for Delta/B < 1.354..., the edge mode starting from the zone center vanishes in an intermediate region of the 1D Brillouin zone, but reenters near the zone boundary, where the energy of the edge mode is marginally below the lowest bulk excitations. On the other hand, the behavior of reentrant mode in real space is indistinguishable from an ordinary edge mode.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

arXiv2010

Analytic Theory of Edge Modes in Topological Insulators

Spectrum and wave function of gapless edge modes are derived analytically for a tight-binding model of topological insulators on square lattice. Particular attention is paid to dependence on edge geometries such as the straight (1,0) and zigzag (1,1) edges in the thermodynamic limit. The key technique is to identify operators that combine to annihilate the edge state in the effective one-dimensional (1D) model with momentum along the edge. In the (1,0) edge, the edge mode is present either around the center of 1D Brillouin zone or its boundary, depending on location of the bulk excitation gap. In the (1,1) edge, the edge mode is always present both at the center and near the boundary. Depending on system parameters, however, the mode is absent in the middle of the Brillouin zone. In this case the binding energy of the edge mode near the boundary is extremely small; about $10^{-3}$ of the overall energy scale. Origin of this minute energy scale is discussed.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

arXiv2010

Electronic Order with Staggered Kondo and Crystalline Electric Field Singlets

Novel electronic order is found theoretically for a system where even number of localized electrons per site are coupled with conduction electrons. For precise quantitative study, a variant of the Kondo lattice model is taken with crystalline electric field (CEF) singlet and triplet states for each site. Using the dynamical mean-field theory combined with the continuous-time quantum Monte Carlo method, a staggered order with alternating Kondo and CEF singlets is identified for a case with one conduction electron per site being distributed in two conduction bands each of which is quarter-filled. This electronic order accompanies a charge density wave (CDW) of conduction electrons that accumulate more on Kondo-singlet sites than on CEF-singlet sites. Possible relevance of the present order to the scalar order in PrFe$_4$P$_{12}$ is discussed.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2009

Itinerant Antiferromagnetism in Infinite Dimensional Kondo Lattice

Highly accurate numerical results for single-particle spectrum and order parameter are obtained for the magnetically ordered Kondo lattice by means of the dynamical mean-field theory combined with the continuous-time quantum Monte Carlo method. Hybridized energy bands involving local spins are identified in the Néel state as a hallmark of itinerant antiferromagnetism. At the boundary of the reduced Brillouin zone, the two-fold degeneracy remains in spite of the doubled unit cell. This degeneracy results if the molecular field felt by localized spins has identical magnitude and reversed direction with that of conduction electrons. The persistent Kondo effect is responsible for the behavior. The antiferromagnetic quantum transition occurs inside the itinerant regime, and does not accompany the itinerant-localized transition.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2009

Weak (anti-)localization in doped Z_2-topological insulator

Localization properties of the doped Z_2-topological insulator are studied by weak localization theory. The disordered Kane-Mele model for graphene is taken as a prototype, and analyzed with attention to effects of the topological mass term, inter-valley scattering, and the Rashba spin-orbit interaction. The known tendency of graphene to anti-localize in the absence of inter-valley scattering between K and K' points is naturally placed as the massless limit of Kane-Mele model. The latter is shown to have a unitary behavior even in the absence of magnetic field due to the topological mass term. When inter-valley scattering is introduced, the topological mass term leaves the system in the unitary class, whereas the ordinary mass term, which appears if A and B sublattices are inequivalent, turns the system to weak localization. The Rashba spin-orbit interaction in the presence of K-K' scattering drive the system to weak anti-localization in sharp contrast to the ideal graphene case.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

arXiv2009

Continuous-Time Quantum Monte Carlo Approach to Singlet-Triplet Kondo Systems

Dynamical properties are studied numerically for a variant of the Kondo model with singlet and triplet crystalline electric field (CEF) levels where Kondo and CEF singlets compete for the ground state. Using the continuous-time quantum Monte Carlo method, we derive the $t$-matrix of conduction electrons and dynamical susceptibilities of local electrons without encountering the negative sign problem. When the CEF splitting is comparable to the Kondo temperature, the dynamical response has only a quasi-elastic peak. Nevertheless, the local single-particle spectrum shows an energy gap in strong contrast with the ordinary Kondo model.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2009

Anti-localization of graphene under substrate electric field

A simple criterion is provided how the (anti-)localization properties of graphene are determined in the presence of inter-valley scattering, Kane-Mele topological mass term, and Rashba spin-orbit interaction (SOI). A set of (pseudo) time-reversal operations show that the number of effective internal degrees of freedom, such as spin and pseudo-spins distinguishing the sublattice and the valley, is the crucial parameter for localization. It is predicted that perpendicular electric field due to gate voltage of the substrate drives the system to anti-localization by enhancing the Rashba SOI.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

arXiv2008

The Kondo Lattice Model in Infinite Dimensions II. Static Susceptibilities and Phase Diagram

Magnetic and charge susceptibilities in the Kondo lattice are derived by the continuous-time quantum Monte Carlo (CT-QMC) method combined with the dynamical mean-field theory. For a weak exchange coupling J and near half filling of the conduction band, antiferromagnetic transition occurs as signalled by divergence of the staggered magnetic susceptibility with lowering temperature. With increasing J, the Kondo effect suppresses the divergence, and the critical value of J agrees well with Doniach's estimate which considers the RKKY interaction as competing with the Kondo effect. For low density of conduction electrons, a ferromagnetic ordering is observed where Doniach's estimate does not work. Around quarter filling, a charge-density-wave (CDW) transition is found. The CDW is interpreted from the strong-coupling limit in terms of effective repulsion between Kondo singlets.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2008

Evolution of a Large Fermi Surface in the Kondo Lattice

Single-particle spectrum of the Kondo lattice model is derived with use of the continuous-time quantum Monte Carlo method, combined with the dynamical mean-field theory. Crossover behavior is traced quantitatively either to a heavy Fermi-liquid state or to a magnetically ordered state from the local-moment state at high temperatures. The momentum distribution in the low-temperature limit acquires a discontinuity at the location that involves the local-spin degrees of freedom. Even without the charge degrees of freedom for local electrons, the excitation spectra exhibit hybridized bands similar to those in the Anderson lattice. Temperature dependence in the zero-energy component of the self-energy is crucial in forming the Fermi-liquid state with the large Fermi surface.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2008

The Kondo Lattice Model in Infinite Dimensions I. Formalism

A Green-function formalism for the Kondo lattice model is presented, which is designed to be combined with the dynamical mean-field theory. With use of Wick's theorem only for conduction electrons, dynamical quantities are represented in terms of the t-matrix and its two-particle generalizations. By taking the high-frequency limit of the t-matrix with respect to a part of the fermion frequencies, one obtains dynamical correlation functions of localized moments. Explicit examples of calculational steps are provided with use of the continuous-time quantum Monte Carlo method.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2008

Toward Identification of Order Parameters in Skutterudites - a Wonderland of Strong Correlation Physics -

Current status is described toward identifying unconventional order parameters in filled skutterudites with unique ordering phenomena. The order parameters in PrFe$_4$P$_{12}$ and PrRu$_4$P$_{12}$ are discussed in relation to associated crystalline electric field (CEF) states and angular form factors. By phenomenological Landau analysis, it is shown that a scalar order model explains most properties in both PrFe$_4$P$_{12}$ and PrRu$_4$P$_{12}$ with very different magnetic properties. In particular, the highly anisotropic susceptibility induced by uniaxial pressure in PrFe$_4$P$_{12}$ is explained in terms of two types of couplings. In the case of SmRu$_4$P$_{12}$, the main order parameter at low field is identified as magnetic octupoles. A microscopic mechanism is proposed how the dipole and octupole degrees of freedom mix under the point group $T_h$ of skutterudites.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2008

Scalar order: possible candidate for order parameters in skutterudites

Phenomenological Landau analysis shows that the properties of ordered phases in some skutterudites are consistently accounted for by a scalar order parameter which preserves the cubic symmetry, even in the ordered phase. A universal value is found for the anisotropy ratio of the transition temperature in a magnetic field, homogeneous magnetization, and induced staggered magnetization. The difference in magnetic behavior between PrFe$_4$P$_{12}$ and PrRu$_4$P$_{12}$ near their phase transitions is explained within a single framework. For the low-field phase of PrFe$_4$P$_{12}$, the scalar order with the $Γ_{1g}$ symmetry can explain (i) the absence of field induced dipoles perpendicular to the magnetic field, (ii) isotropic magnetic susceptibility in the ordered phase, (iii) the field angle dependence of the transition temperature, and (iv) the splitting pattern of the $^{31}$P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra. It is proposed how the order parameter in SmRu$_4$P$_{12}$ is identified by NMR analysis of a single crystal.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2008

Phenomenological theory of a scalar electronic order: application to skutterudite PrFe4P12

By phenomenological Landau analysis, it is shown that a scalar order parameter with the point-group symmetry $Γ_{1g}$ explains most properties associated with the phase transition in PrFe$_4$P$_{12}$ at 6.5 K. The scalar-order model reproduces magnetic and elastic properties in PrFe$_4$P$_{12}$ consistently such as (i) the anomaly of the magnetic susceptibility and elastic constant at the transition temperature, (ii) anisotropy of the magnetic susceptibility in the presence of uniaxial pressure, and (iii) the anomaly in the elastic constant in magnetic field. An Ehrenfest relation is derived which relates the anomaly of the magnetic susceptibility to that of the elastic constant at the transition.

cond-mat.str-el↗