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arXiv · 1802.05068

Hitomi X-ray Observation of the Pulsar Wind Nebula G21.5$-$0.9

Hitomi Collaboration·Felix Aharonian·Hiroki Akamatsu·Fumie Akimoto·Steven W. Allen·Lorella Angelini·Marc Audard·Hisamitsu Awaki·Magnus Axelsson·Aya Bamba·Marshall W. Bautz·Roger Blandford·Laura W. Brenneman·Gregory V. Brown·Esra Bulbul·Edward M. Cackett·Maria Chernyakova·Meng P. Chiao·Paolo S. Coppi·Elisa Costantini·Jelle de Plaa·Cor P. de Vries·Jan-Willem den Herder·Chris Done·Tadayasu Dotani·Ken Ebisawa·Megan E. Eckart·Teruaki Enoto·Yuichiro Ezoe·Andrew C. Fabian·Carlo Ferrigno·Adam R. Foster·Ryuichi Fujimoto·Yasushi Fukazawa·Akihiro Furuzawa·Massimiliano Galeazzi·Luigi C. Gallo·Poshak Gandhi·Margherita Giustini·Andrea Goldwurm·Liyi Gu·Matteo Guainazzi·Yoshito Haba·Kouichi Hagino·Kenji Hamaguchi·Ilana M. Harrus·Isamu Hatsukade·Katsuhiro Hayashi·Takayuki Hayashi·Kiyoshi Hayashida·Junko S. Hiraga·Ann Hornschemeier·Akio Hoshino·John P. Hughes·Yuto Ichinohe·Ryo Iizuka·Hajime Inoue·Yoshiyuki Inoue·Manabu Ishida·Kumi Ishikawa·Yoshitaka Ishisaki·Masachika Iwai·Jelle Kaastra·Tim Kallman·Tsuneyoshi Kamae·Jun Kataoka·Satoru Katsuda·Nobuyuki Kawai·Richard L. Kelley·Caroline A. Kilbourne·Takao Kitaguchi·Shunji Kitamoto·Tetsu Kitayama·Takayoshi Kohmura·Motohide Kokubun·Katsuji Koyama·Shu Koyama·Peter Kretschmar·Hans A. Krimm·Aya Kubota·Hideyo Kunieda·Philippe Laurent·Shiu-Hang Lee·Maurice A. Leutenegger·Olivier Limousin·Michael Loewenstein·Knox S. Long·David Lumb·Greg Madejski·Yoshitomo Maeda·Daniel Maier·Kazuo Makishima·Maxim Markevitch·Hironori Matsumoto·Kyoko Matsushita·Dan McCammon·Brian R. McNamara·Missagh Mehdipour·Eric D. Miller·Jon M. Miller

Abstract

We present results from the Hitomi X-ray observation of a young composite-type supernova remnant (SNR) G21.5$-$0.9, whose emission is dominated by the pulsar wind nebula (PWN) contribution. The X-ray spectra in the 0.8-80 keV range obtained with the Soft X-ray Spectrometer (SXS), Soft X-ray Imager (SXI) and Hard X-ray Imager (HXI) show a significant break in the continuum as previously found with the NuSTAR observation. After taking into account all known emissions from the SNR other than the PWN itself, we find that the Hitomi spectra can be fitted with a broken power law with photon indices of $\Gamma_1=1.74\pm0.02$ and $\Gamma_2=2.14\pm0.01$ below and above the break at $7.1\pm0.3$ keV, which is significantly lower than the NuSTAR result ($\sim9.0$ keV). The spectral break cannot be reproduced by time-dependent particle injection one-zone spectral energy distribution models, which strongly indicates that a more complex emission model is needed, as suggested by recent theoretical models. We also search for narrow emission or absorption lines with the SXS, and perform a timing analysis of PSR J1833$-$1034 with the HXI and SGD. No significant pulsation is found from the pulsar. However, unexpectedly, narrow absorption line features are detected in the SXS data at 4.2345 keV and 9.296 keV with a significance of 3.65 $\sigma$. While the origin of these features is not understood, their mere detection opens up a new field of research and was only possible with the high resolution, sensitivity and ability to measure extended sources provided by an X-ray microcalorimeter.

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Hitomi Collaboration, Felix Aharonian, Hiroki Akamatsu, Fumie Akimoto, Steven W. Allen, Lorella Angelini, Marc Audard, Hisamitsu Awaki, Magnus Axelsson, Aya Bamba, Marshall W. Bautz, Roger Blandford, Laura W. Brenneman, Gregory V. Brown, Esra Bulbul, Edward M. Cackett, Maria Chernyakova, Meng P. Chiao, Paolo S. Coppi, Elisa Costantini, Jelle de Plaa, Cor P. de Vries, Jan-Willem den Herder, Chris Done, Tadayasu Dotani, Ken Ebisawa, Megan E. Eckart, Teruaki Enoto, Yuichiro Ezoe, Andrew C. Fabian, Carlo Ferrigno, Adam R. Foster, Ryuichi Fujimoto, Yasushi Fukazawa, Akihiro Furuzawa, Massimiliano Galeazzi, Luigi C. Gallo, Poshak Gandhi, Margherita Giustini, Andrea Goldwurm, Liyi Gu, Matteo Guainazzi, Yoshito Haba, Kouichi Hagino, Kenji Hamaguchi, Ilana M. Harrus, Isamu Hatsukade, Katsuhiro Hayashi, Takayuki Hayashi, Kiyoshi Hayashida, Junko S. Hiraga, Ann Hornschemeier, Akio Hoshino, John P. Hughes, Yuto Ichinohe, Ryo Iizuka, Hajime Inoue, Yoshiyuki Inoue, Manabu Ishida, Kumi Ishikawa, Yoshitaka Ishisaki, Masachika Iwai, Jelle Kaastra, Tim Kallman, Tsuneyoshi Kamae, Jun Kataoka, Satoru Katsuda, Nobuyuki Kawai, Richard L. Kelley, Caroline A. Kilbourne, Takao Kitaguchi, Shunji Kitamoto, Tetsu Kitayama, Takayoshi Kohmura, Motohide Kokubun, Katsuji Koyama, Shu Koyama, Peter Kretschmar, Hans A. Krimm, Aya Kubota, Hideyo Kunieda, Philippe Laurent, Shiu-Hang Lee, Maurice A. Leutenegger, Olivier Limousin, Michael Loewenstein, Knox S. Long, David Lumb, Greg Madejski, Yoshitomo Maeda, Daniel Maier, Kazuo Makishima, Maxim Markevitch, Hironori Matsumoto, Kyoko Matsushita, Dan McCammon, Brian R. McNamara, Missagh Mehdipour, Eric D. Miller, Jon M. Miller. 2018-02-14. Hitomi X-ray Observation of the Pulsar Wind Nebula G21.5$-$0.9. https://doi.org/10.1093/pasj/psy027

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