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arXiv · 2401.15071

From GPT-4 to Gemini and Beyond: Assessing the Landscape of MLLMs on Generalizability, Trustworthiness and Causality through Four Modalities

Chaochao Lu·Chen Qian·Guodong Zheng·Hongxing Fan·Hongzhi Gao·Jie Zhang·Jing Shao·Jingyi Deng·Jinlan Fu·Kexin Huang·Kunchang Li·Lijun Li·Limin Wang·Lu Sheng·Meiqi Chen·Ming Zhang·Qibing Ren·Sirui Chen·Tao Gui·Wanli Ouyang·Yali Wang·Yan Teng·Yaru Wang·Yi Wang·Yinan He·Yingchun Wang·Yixu Wang·Yongting Zhang·Yu Qiao·Yujiong Shen·Yurong Mou·Yuxi Chen·Zaibin Zhang·Zhelun Shi·Zhenfei Yin·Zhipin Wang
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Abstract

Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have shown impressive abilities in generating reasonable responses with respect to multi-modal contents. However, there is still a wide gap between the performance of recent MLLM-based applications and the expectation of the broad public, even though the most powerful OpenAI's GPT-4 and Google's Gemini have been deployed. This paper strives to enhance understanding of the gap through the lens of a qualitative study on the generalizability, trustworthiness, and causal reasoning capabilities of recent proprietary and open-source MLLMs across four modalities: ie, text, code, image, and video, ultimately aiming to improve the transparency of MLLMs. We believe these properties are several representative factors that define the reliability of MLLMs, in supporting various downstream applications. To be specific, we evaluate the closed-source GPT-4 and Gemini and 6 open-source LLMs and MLLMs. Overall we evaluate 230 manually designed cases, where the qualitative results are then summarized into 12 scores (ie, 4 modalities times 3 properties). In total, we uncover 14 empirical findings that are useful to understand the capabilities and limitations of both proprietary and open-source MLLMs, towards more reliable downstream multi-modal applications.

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Chaochao Lu, Chen Qian, Guodong Zheng, Hongxing Fan, Hongzhi Gao, Jie Zhang, Jing Shao, Jingyi Deng, Jinlan Fu, Kexin Huang, Kunchang Li, Lijun Li, Limin Wang, Lu Sheng, Meiqi Chen, Ming Zhang, Qibing Ren, Sirui Chen, Tao Gui, Wanli Ouyang, Yali Wang, Yan Teng, Yaru Wang, Yi Wang, Yinan He, Yingchun Wang, Yixu Wang, Yongting Zhang, Yu Qiao, Yujiong Shen, Yurong Mou, Yuxi Chen, Zaibin Zhang, Zhelun Shi, Zhenfei Yin, Zhipin Wang. 2024-01-26. From GPT-4 to Gemini and Beyond: Assessing the Landscape of MLLMs on Generalizability, Trustworthiness and Causality through Four Modalities. https://arxiv.org/abs/2401.15071

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