Synthesizing Composite Hierarchical Structure from Symbolic Music Corpora

Ilana Shapiro; Ruanqianqian Huang; Zachary Novack; Cheng-i Wang; Hao-Wen Dong; Taylor Berg-Kirkpatrick; Shlomo Dubnov; Sorin Lerner

arXiv · 2502.15849

Synthesizing Composite Hierarchical Structure from Symbolic Music Corpora

Ilana Shapiro·Ruanqianqian Huang·Zachary Novack·Cheng-i Wang·Hao-Wen Dong·Taylor Berg-Kirkpatrick·Shlomo Dubnov·Sorin Lerner

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Abstract

Western music is an innately hierarchical system of interacting levels of structure, from fine-grained melody to high-level form. In order to analyze music compositions holistically and at multiple granularities, we propose a unified, hierarchical meta-representation of musical structure called the structural temporal graph (STG). For a single piece, the STG is a data structure that defines a hierarchy of progressively finer structural musical features and the temporal relationships between them. We use the STG to enable a novel approach for deriving a representative structural summary of a music corpus, which we formalize as a nested NP-hard combinatorial optimization problem extending the Generalized Median Graph problem. Our approach first applies simulated annealing to develop a measure of structural distance between two music pieces rooted in graph isomorphism. Our approach then combines the formal guarantees of SMT solvers with nested simulated annealing over structural distances to produce a structurally sound, representative centroid STG for an entire corpus of STGs from individual pieces. To evaluate our approach, we conduct experiments verifying that structural distance accurately differentiates between music pieces, and that derived centroids accurately structurally characterize their corpora.

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Ilana Shapiro, Ruanqianqian Huang, Zachary Novack, Cheng-i Wang, Hao-Wen Dong, Taylor Berg-Kirkpatrick, Shlomo Dubnov, Sorin Lerner. 2025-02-21. Synthesizing Composite Hierarchical Structure from Symbolic Music Corpora. https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.15849

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