A 3D segmented Water-based Liquid Scintillator for high-precision detection of neutrinos in water

Botao Li; Daria Borodulina; Davide Sgalaberna; Tim Weber; Minfang Yeh; Umut Kose; Matthew Franks; André Rubbia; Johannes Wüthrich; Claudio Giganti; Tatsuya Kikawa

arXiv · 2508.11355

A 3D segmented Water-based Liquid Scintillator for high-precision detection of neutrinos in water

Botao Li·Daria Borodulina·Davide Sgalaberna·Tim Weber·Minfang Yeh·Umut Kose·Matthew Franks·André Rubbia·Johannes Wüthrich·Claudio Giganti·Tatsuya Kikawa

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Abstract

Precision detection of neutrino-nucleus interactions in water with the complete detection of the final state, including leptons and hadrons, is challenging due to water being a non-scintillating medium. This can be a limitation for the next-generation long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments, such as Hyper-Kamiokande, where the neutrino-nucleus interaction models must reach a few percent-level accuracy. Water-based liquid scintillator can be a game changer for the future near detectors. In this article, we propose a novel design consisting of a 3D highly-segmented water-based liquid scintillator. The water-based liquid scintillator is encapsulated within a highly-segmented rigid but very light structure that provides the optical isolation with a 1 cm$^{3}$ granularity, each read out by orthogonal wavelength shifting fibers, and 81\% of water by mass in the active volume. Such configuration is also suitable for pure liquid scintillator. The detector design, prototyped and validated with cosmic ray data, is described and results are reported. The optical model is studied with Monte Carlo simulations and results are compared with the collected data.

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Botao Li, Daria Borodulina, Davide Sgalaberna, Tim Weber, Minfang Yeh, Umut Kose, Matthew Franks, André Rubbia, Johannes Wüthrich, Claudio Giganti, Tatsuya Kikawa. 2025-08-15. A 3D segmented Water-based Liquid Scintillator for high-precision detection of neutrinos in water. https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.11355

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