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arXiv · 2509.21648

BICEP/Keck XX: Component-separated maps of polarized CMB and thermal dust emission using Planck and BICEP/Keck Observations through the 2018 Observing Season

Keck Collaboration·P. A. R. Ade·Z. Ahmed·M. Amiri·D. Barkats·R. Basu Thakur·C. A. Bischoff·D. Beck·J. J. Bock·H. Boenish·V. Buza·B. Cantrall·J. R. Cheshire IV·J. Connors·J. Cornelison·M. Crumrine·A. J. Cukierman·E. Denison·L. Duband·M. Echter·M. Eiben·B. D. Elwood·S. Fatigoni·J. P. Filippini·A. Fortes·M. Gao·C. Giannakopoulos·N. Goeckner-Wald·D. C. Goldfinger·S. Gratton·J. A. Grayson·A. Greathouse·P. K. Grimes·G. Hall·G. Halal·M. Halpern·E. Hand·S. A. Harrison·S. Henderson·T. D. Hoang·J. Hubmayr·H. Hui·K. D. Irwin·J. H. Kang·K. S. Karkare·S. Kefeli·J. M. Kovac·C. Kuo·K. Lasko·K. K. Lau·M. Lautzenhiser·A. Lennox·T. Liu·S. Mackey·N. Maher·K. G. Megerian·L. Minutolo·L. Moncelsi·Y. Nakato·H. T. Nguyen·R. OBrient·S. N. Paine·A. Patel·M. A. Petroff·A. R. Polish·T. Prouve·C. Pryke·C. D. Reintsema·S. Richter·T. Romand·M. Salatino·A. Schillaci·B. Schmitt·R. Schwartz·C. D. Sheehy·B. Singari·A. Soliman·T. St. Germaine·A. Steiger·B. Steinbach·R. Sudiwala·G. Teply·K. L. Thompson·C. Tucker·A. D. Turner·C. Vergès·A. G. Vieregg·A. Wandui·A. C. Weber·J. Willmert·C. L. Wong·W. L. K. Wu·H. Yang·C. Yu·L. Zheng·C. Zhang·S. Zhang
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Abstract

We present component-separated polarization maps of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) and Galactic thermal dust emission, derived using data from the BICEP/Keck experiments through the 2018 observing season and Planck. By employing a maximum-likelihood method that utilizes observing matrices, we produce unbiased maps of the CMB and dust signals. We outline the computational challenges and demonstrate an efficient implementation of the component map estimator. We show methods to compute and characterize power spectra of these maps, opening up an alternative way to infer the tensor-to-scalar ratio from our data. We compare the results of this map-based separation method with the baseline BICEP/Keck analysis. Our analysis demonstrates consistency between the two methods, finding an 84% correlation between the pipelines.

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Keck Collaboration, P. A. R. Ade, Z. Ahmed, M. Amiri, D. Barkats, R. Basu Thakur, C. A. Bischoff, D. Beck, J. J. Bock, H. Boenish, V. Buza, B. Cantrall, J. R. Cheshire IV, J. Connors, J. Cornelison, M. Crumrine, A. J. Cukierman, E. Denison, L. Duband, M. Echter, M. Eiben, B. D. Elwood, S. Fatigoni, J. P. Filippini, A. Fortes, M. Gao, C. Giannakopoulos, N. Goeckner-Wald, D. C. Goldfinger, S. Gratton, J. A. Grayson, A. Greathouse, P. K. Grimes, G. Hall, G. Halal, M. Halpern, E. Hand, S. A. Harrison, S. Henderson, T. D. Hoang, J. Hubmayr, H. Hui, K. D. Irwin, J. H. Kang, K. S. Karkare, S. Kefeli, J. M. Kovac, C. Kuo, K. Lasko, K. K. Lau, M. Lautzenhiser, A. Lennox, T. Liu, S. Mackey, N. Maher, K. G. Megerian, L. Minutolo, L. Moncelsi, Y. Nakato, H. T. Nguyen, R. OBrient, S. N. Paine, A. Patel, M. A. Petroff, A. R. Polish, T. Prouve, C. Pryke, C. D. Reintsema, S. Richter, T. Romand, M. Salatino, A. Schillaci, B. Schmitt, R. Schwartz, C. D. Sheehy, B. Singari, A. Soliman, T. St. Germaine, A. Steiger, B. Steinbach, R. Sudiwala, G. Teply, K. L. Thompson, C. Tucker, A. D. Turner, C. Vergès, A. G. Vieregg, A. Wandui, A. C. Weber, J. Willmert, C. L. Wong, W. L. K. Wu, H. Yang, C. Yu, L. Zheng, C. Zhang, S. Zhang. 2025-09-25. BICEP/Keck XX: Component-separated maps of polarized CMB and thermal dust emission using Planck and BICEP/Keck Observations through the 2018 Observing Season. https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.21648

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