Identifying the secondary jet in the RadioAstron image of OJ~287

Mauri J. Valtonen; Lankeswar Dey; Staszek Zola; Alok C. Gupta; Shubham Kishore; Achamveedu Gopakumar; Paul J. Wiita; Minfeng Gu; Kari Nilsson; Zhongli Zhang; Rene Hudec; Katsura Matsumoto; Marek Drozdz; Waldemar Ogloza; Andrei V. Berdyugin; Daniel E. Reichart; Markus Mugrauer; Tapio Pursimo; Stefano Ciprini; Tatsuya Nakaoka; Makoto Uemura; Ryo Imazawa; Michal Zejmo; Vladimir V. Kouprianov; James W. Davidson, Jr.; Alberto Sadun; Jan Strobl; Martin Jelinek; Abhimanyu Susobhanan

arXiv · 2510.06744

Identifying the secondary jet in the RadioAstron image of OJ~287

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Abstract

The 136 year long optical light curve of OJ~287 is explained by a binary black hole model where the secondary is in a 12 year orbit around the primary. Impacts of the secondary on the accretion disk of the primary generate a series of optical flares which follow a quasi-Keplerian relativistic mathematical model. The orientation of the binary in space is determined from the behavior of the primary jet. Here we ask how the jet of the secondary black hole projects onto the sky plane. Assuming that the jet is initially perpendicular to the disk, and that it is ballistic, we follow its evolution after the Lorentz transformation to the observer's frame. Since the orbital speed of the secondary is of the order of one-tenth of the speed of light, the result is a change in the jet direction by more than a radian during an orbital cycle. We match the theoretical jet line with the recent 12 $\mu$as-resolution RadioAstron map of OJ~287, and determine the only free parameter of the problem, the apparent speed of the jet relative to speed of light. It turns out that the Doppler factor of the jet, $\delta\sim5$, is much lower than in the primary jet. Besides following a unique shape of the jet path, the secondary jet is also distinguished by a different spectral shape than in the primary jet. The present result on the spectral shape agrees with the huge optical flare of 2021 November 12, also arising from the secondary jet.

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Mauri J. Valtonen, Lankeswar Dey, Staszek Zola, Alok C. Gupta, Shubham Kishore, Achamveedu Gopakumar, Paul J. Wiita, Minfeng Gu, Kari Nilsson, Zhongli Zhang, Rene Hudec, Katsura Matsumoto, Marek Drozdz, Waldemar Ogloza, Andrei V. Berdyugin, Daniel E. Reichart, Markus Mugrauer, Tapio Pursimo, Stefano Ciprini, Tatsuya Nakaoka, Makoto Uemura, Ryo Imazawa, Michal Zejmo, Vladimir V. Kouprianov, James W. Davidson, Jr., Alberto Sadun, Jan Strobl, Martin Jelinek, Abhimanyu Susobhanan. 2025-10-08. Identifying the secondary jet in the RadioAstron image of OJ~287. https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.06744

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