OptoCENTAL: a standardised, bench-testing platform based on phantoms for validating optical systems aimed at clinical monitoring of the placenta

Abstract

Optical imaging and spectroscopy solutions, such as near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and diffuse optical tomography (DOT), have the potential to provide compact, bedside monitoring of the placenta in the clinic, thanks to recent advancements in miniaturisation and wireless wearability. This would provide neonatologist with continuous assessment of the pregnancy status in real-time, as well as tools to possibly predict delivery outcomes. We present here OptoCENTAL, a standardized platform based on multiple optical phantoms, from digital, through solid to liquid, for a comprehensive bench-testing, characterisation and validation of any photonics solution and instrumentation that aims at in vivo, clinical monitoring of the human placenta. Results: Exemplary applications of the OptoCENTAL platform on different types of optical systems, from wearable, continuous-wave devices to broadband and time-domain NIRS systems, demonstrate the flexibility of its procedures to be implemented with any setup, allowing users to compare performances across different solutions. The results also show the capability of OptoCENTAL to provide quantitative assessment of the major features required by any photonic solution for providing effective and efficient monitoring of the placenta, including basic instrument performances, quantification of monitoring accuracy, as well as depth sensitivity. OptoCENTAL represent the first-of-a-kind effort in standardising bench-testing and validation of optical imaging and spectroscopy methods in the framework of placental clinical applications, further advancing the translation of such modalities into the hospitals, as well as towards future certification and commercialisation of such technologies.