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arXiv · 2605.23392

Re-evaluation of bottleneck effect via a coupled monolayer WS_2/photonic crystal heterostructure

Jiaru Zhou·Wenze Lan·Hao Li·Yu Hua·Peng Fu·Geng Li·Xiaofeng Fan·Changzhi Gu·Baoli Liu
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Abstract

Exciton-polariton condensates is an important type of Bose-Einstein condensate whose realization requires efficient relaxation of polaritons to the band-energy minima. However, this process is often obstructed by bottleneck effect near the anticrossing region of polariton dispersion. Although the exciton-polariton bottleneck effect has been extensively observed in various polariton system, but there is no a unified views of physical origin. Here, we construct an exciton-trion-photon coupling system in monolayer WS_2/photonic-crystal slab heterostructures. Momentum-resolved photoluminescence reveals the anticrossing polariton dispersions for the exciton resonance with a ~57 meV Rabi splitting and there is no characteristic anticrossing for trion resonance with a ~5 meV splitting at ~12 K. Enhanced polariton emission is observed around the trion-polariton crossing with elevating temperature. We attributes this exotic phenomenon to bottleneck effect and indicating that small Rabi splitting is the unified origin of bottleneck effect in polariton systems.

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Jiaru Zhou, Wenze Lan, Hao Li, Yu Hua, Peng Fu, Geng Li, Xiaofeng Fan, Changzhi Gu, Baoli Liu. 2026-05-22. Re-evaluation of bottleneck effect via a coupled monolayer WS_2/photonic crystal heterostructure. https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.23392

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