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arXiv · 2607.24470

The beamformed trigger of RNO-G: its design and in-field performance

G Collaboration·S. Agarwal·J. A. Aguilar·N. Alden·S. Ali·P. Allison·M. Betts·D. Besson·A. Bishop·O. Botner·S. Bouma·S. Buitink·R. Camphyn·J. Chan·S. Chiche·B. A. Clark·K. Couberly·D. Dakroub·K. D. de Vries·C. Deaconu·P. Giri·C. Glaser·H. Gui·A. Hallgren·J. C. Hanson·S. Hassiki·K. Helbing·B. Hendricks·J. Henrichs·N. Heyer·C. Hornhuber·E. Huesca Santiago·K. Hughes·A. Jaitly·A. Karle·J. L. Kelley·C. Kopper·M. Korntheuer·M. Kowalski·I. Kravchenko·R. Krebs·M. Kugelmeier·D. Kullgren·R. Lahmann·C. -H. Liu·Y. Liu·M. J. Marsee·K. Mulrey·M. Muzio·A. Nelles·A. Novikov·A. Nozdrina·E. Oberla·N. Punsuebsay·M. Ravn·Z. Riesen·A. Rifaie·D. Ryckbosch·F. Schlüter·O. Scholten·P. Schriefer·D. Seckel·M. F. H. Seikh·Z. S. Selcuk·J. Stachurska·J. Stoffels·S. Toscano·D. Tosi·J. Tutt·N. van Eijndhoven·A. G. Vieregg·A. Vijai·H. Warnhofer·D. Washington·C. Welling·D. R. Williams·P. Windischhofer·S. Wissel·A. Zink
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Abstract

The Radio Neutrino Observatory in Greenland (RNO-G) is a neutrino detector under construction at Summit Station, with 8 out of a planned 35 stations currently deployed. We have designed and deployed a new phased array (PA) trigger based on delay-and-sum beamforming and power integration. This trigger improves detector performance by suppressing thermal noise and better targeting neutrino-induced Askaryan signals. The new PA trigger has been deployed since the 2025 season. The trigger performance has been characterized using test pulses and calibration pulsers both in the lab and in-situ, and we find across these tests a 25% average reduction in the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) needed to trigger on signals. Simulations are shown to be representative of the detector, and simulated trigger efficiencies are within 10% of measured data. Following the in-situ trigger validation, we use data-driven trigger performance to inform simulations of the detector effective volumes. The PA trigger increases our effective volume significantly, by over a factor of 2 below 0.1 EeV and at least a factor of 1.3 at the highest energies of 100 EeV.

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G Collaboration, S. Agarwal, J. A. Aguilar, N. Alden, S. Ali, P. Allison, M. Betts, D. Besson, A. Bishop, O. Botner, S. Bouma, S. Buitink, R. Camphyn, J. Chan, S. Chiche, B. A. Clark, K. Couberly, D. Dakroub, K. D. de Vries, C. Deaconu, P. Giri, C. Glaser, H. Gui, A. Hallgren, J. C. Hanson, S. Hassiki, K. Helbing, B. Hendricks, J. Henrichs, N. Heyer, C. Hornhuber, E. Huesca Santiago, K. Hughes, A. Jaitly, A. Karle, J. L. Kelley, C. Kopper, M. Korntheuer, M. Kowalski, I. Kravchenko, R. Krebs, M. Kugelmeier, D. Kullgren, R. Lahmann, C. -H. Liu, Y. Liu, M. J. Marsee, K. Mulrey, M. Muzio, A. Nelles, A. Novikov, A. Nozdrina, E. Oberla, N. Punsuebsay, M. Ravn, Z. Riesen, A. Rifaie, D. Ryckbosch, F. Schlüter, O. Scholten, P. Schriefer, D. Seckel, M. F. H. Seikh, Z. S. Selcuk, J. Stachurska, J. Stoffels, S. Toscano, D. Tosi, J. Tutt, N. van Eijndhoven, A. G. Vieregg, A. Vijai, H. Warnhofer, D. Washington, C. Welling, D. R. Williams, P. Windischhofer, S. Wissel, A. Zink. 2026-07-27. The beamformed trigger of RNO-G: its design and in-field performance. https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.24470

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