Optical characterization of the BICEP array 150 and 220/270GHz CMB polarimeters in the 2026 season

Abstract

BICEP Array (BA) is the current-generation instrument in the BICEP series of small-aperture, on-axis refracting telescopes at the South Pole, designed to constrain the tensor-to-scalar ratio $r$ through degree-scale measurements of B-mode polarization in the cosmic microwave background (CMB). As BA pushes to deeper sensitivity, control of instrumental systematics, and beam shape mismatch between the co-located orthogonally polarized detectors in particular, has become an increasingly important factor in translating raw sensitivity into a robust constraint on $r$. In these proceedings we report on the 2026 far field beam mapping (FFBM) campaign, which used a thermal chopped source to characterize the BA2 (150~GHz) and BA3 (220/270~GHz) beams. We fit two-dimensional elliptical Gaussians to each detector's beam, derive per-pair differential parameters (differential pointing, beamwidth, and ellipticity). The resulting high-signal-to-noise array-averaged beam maps are used to compute the beam window function $B_l$ for the power spectrum analysis, while the individual per-detector beams feed dedicated beam convolution simulations used to validate the temperature-to-polarization (T$\rightarrow$ P) deprojection procedure. After correcting for the chopper aperture, the recovered beamwidths follow the expected $\lambda/D$ ordering. We also describe two pipeline improvements carried out during the 2026 campaign: an out-and-back jackknife for noise quantification and an elnod-based gain calibration.