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arXiv · 2609.34116

A JWST Study of Stardust. II. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Comet 81P/Wild 2 and Implications for Primitive Solar System Carbon

Nathan X. Roth·Stefanie N. Milam·Diane H. Wooden·Els Peeters·Charles E. Woodward·Dominique Bockelee-Morvan·Michael S. P. Kelley·Steven B. Charnley·Simon J. Clemett·Martin A. Cordiner·Perry A. Gerakines·David E. Harker·Ella Sciamma-O'Brien·Geronimo L. Villanueva
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Abstract

We report observations of comet 81P/Wild 2, target of the Stardust sample return mission, on UT 2023 March 20 and 24 at a heliocentric distance ($r_H$) of 1.85 au using the NIRSpec and MIRI integral field unit spectrographs on board the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). This study is the first compositional comparison between JWST remote-sensing spectroscopy of a solar system object against terrestrial analysis of its returned samples. Recent work determined contributions of molecular emission from coma volatiles and thermal emission from the nucleus and coma dust grains to these spectra. Subtracting the molecular and thermal emission models produces a residual spectrum with a clear resonance near 3.37 $μ$m and multiple others spanning the $6 - 12$ $μ$m region. Analysis of these residuals provides strong evidence for the presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the coma of 81P/Wild 2. The resulting PAH populations reflect material incorporated into the nucleus of 81P/Wild 2 that was inherited from the diffuse interstellar medium, the interstellar medium, and the protoplanetary disk. The PAHs sensed by JWST are compared to those detected in laboratory analyses of the Stardust mission returned samples.

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Nathan X. Roth, Stefanie N. Milam, Diane H. Wooden, Els Peeters, Charles E. Woodward, Dominique Bockelee-Morvan, Michael S. P. Kelley, Steven B. Charnley, Simon J. Clemett, Martin A. Cordiner, Perry A. Gerakines, David E. Harker, Ella Sciamma-O'Brien, Geronimo L. Villanueva. 2026-09-28. A JWST Study of Stardust. II. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Comet 81P/Wild 2 and Implications for Primitive Solar System Carbon. https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.34116

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