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arXiv · 2507.00336

Photonics in Flatland: Challenges and Opportunities for Nanophotonics with 2D Semiconductors

Ali Azimi·Julien Barrier·Angela Barreda·Thomas Bauer·Farzaneh Bouzari·Abel Brokkelkamp·Francesco Buatier de Mongeot·Timothy Parsons·Peter Christianen·Sonia Conesa-Boj·Alberto G. Curto·Suprova Das·Bernardo Dias·Itai Epstein·Zlata Fedorova·F. Javier García de Abajo·Ilya Goykhman·Lara Greten·Johanna Grönqvist·Ludovica Guarneri·Yujie Guo·Tom Hoekstra·Xuerong Hu·Benjamin Laudert·Jason Lynch·Sabrina Meyer·Battulga Munkhbat·Dragomir Neshev·Masha Ogienko·Sotirios Papadopoulos·Aparna Parappurath·Jeroen Sangers·Pedro Soubelet·Chris Soukaras·Giancarlo Soavi·Isabelle Staude·Zhipei Sun·Klaas-Jan Tielrooij·MD Gius Uddin·Alexey Ustinov·Jorik van de Groep·Jasper van Wezel·Nathalie Vermeulen·Hai Wang·Yadong Wang·Sanshui Xiao·Bingying You·Xavier Zambrana-Puyalto
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Abstract

Two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors are emerging as a versatile platform for nanophotonics, offering unprecedented tunability in optical properties through exciton resonance engineering, van der Waals heterostructuring, and external field control. These materials enable active optical modulation, single-photon emission, quantum photonics, and valleytronic functionalities, paving the way for next-generation optoelectronic and quantum photonic devices. However, key challenges remain in achieving large-area integration, maintaining excitonic coherence, and optimizing amplitude-phase modulation for efficient light manipulation. Advances in fabrication, strain engineering, and computational modelling will be crucial to overcoming these limitations. This perspective highlights recent progress in 2D semiconductor-based nanophotonics, emphasizing opportunities for scalable integration into photonics.

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Ali Azimi, Julien Barrier, Angela Barreda, Thomas Bauer, Farzaneh Bouzari, Abel Brokkelkamp, Francesco Buatier de Mongeot, Timothy Parsons, Peter Christianen, Sonia Conesa-Boj, Alberto G. Curto, Suprova Das, Bernardo Dias, Itai Epstein, Zlata Fedorova, F. Javier García de Abajo, Ilya Goykhman, Lara Greten, Johanna Grönqvist, Ludovica Guarneri, Yujie Guo, Tom Hoekstra, Xuerong Hu, Benjamin Laudert, Jason Lynch, Sabrina Meyer, Battulga Munkhbat, Dragomir Neshev, Masha Ogienko, Sotirios Papadopoulos, Aparna Parappurath, Jeroen Sangers, Pedro Soubelet, Chris Soukaras, Giancarlo Soavi, Isabelle Staude, Zhipei Sun, Klaas-Jan Tielrooij, MD Gius Uddin, Alexey Ustinov, Jorik van de Groep, Jasper van Wezel, Nathalie Vermeulen, Hai Wang, Yadong Wang, Sanshui Xiao, Bingying You, Xavier Zambrana-Puyalto. 2025-07-01. Photonics in Flatland: Challenges and Opportunities for Nanophotonics with 2D Semiconductors. https://doi.org/10.1038/s44310-025-00092-3

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