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arXiv · 2507.10256

A Cost Effective Optimization of the hybrid-DOM Design for TRIDENT

Hengbin Shao·Fuyudi Zhang·Qichao Chang·Shuhua Hao·Ruike Cao·Jingtao Huang·Weilun Huang·Hai Liu·Hualin Mei·Iwan Morton-Blake·Wei Tian·Yingwei Wang·Xin Xiang·Donglian Xu
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Abstract

TRIDENT is a planned multi-cubic-kilometer deep-sea neutrino telescope to be built in the South China Sea, designed to rapidly discover high-energy astrophysical neutrino sources with sensitivity to all neutrino flavors. Achieving this at scale requires a detector design that balances performance with power, cost, and mechanical simplicity. This study presents a cost-effective optimization of TRIDENT's hybrid Digital Optical Module (hDOM) design, comparing configurations using high-quantum-efficiency (QE) 3-inch PMTs and larger 4-inch PMTs, the latter evaluated with both baseline and enhanced QE assumptions. Using full-chain detector simulations incorporating site-specific seawater optical properties and realistic backgrounds, we assess performance in all-flavor neutrino detection efficiency, directional reconstruction, and tau neutrino flavor identification from 1 TeV to 10 PeV. We find that if 4-inch PMTs can achieve QE comparable to 3-inch PMTs, their performance matches or improves upon that of the 3-inch design, while significantly reducing channel count, power consumption, and cost. These findings support the 4-inch PMT hDOM as a promising and scalable choice for TRIDENT's future instrumentation.

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Hengbin Shao, Fuyudi Zhang, Qichao Chang, Shuhua Hao, Ruike Cao, Jingtao Huang, Weilun Huang, Hai Liu, Hualin Mei, Iwan Morton-Blake, Wei Tian, Yingwei Wang, Xin Xiang, Donglian Xu. 2025-07-14. A Cost Effective Optimization of the hybrid-DOM Design for TRIDENT. https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.10256

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