MAI-UI Technical Report: Real-World Centric Foundation GUI Agents

Hanzhang Zhou; Xu Zhang; Panrong Tong; Jianan Zhang; Liangyu Chen; Quyu Kong; Chenglin Cai; Chen Liu; Yue Wang; Jingren Zhou; Steven Hoi

arXiv · 2512.22047

MAI-UI Technical Report: Real-World Centric Foundation GUI Agents

Hanzhang Zhou·Xu Zhang·Panrong Tong·Jianan Zhang·Liangyu Chen·Quyu Kong·Chenglin Cai·Chen Liu·Yue Wang·Jingren Zhou·Steven Hoi

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Abstract

The development of GUI agents could revolutionize the next generation of human-computer interaction. Motivated by this vision, we present MAI-UI, a family of foundation GUI agents spanning the full spectrum of sizes, including 2B, 8B, 32B, and 235B-A22B variants. We identify four key challenges to realistic deployment: the lack of native agent-user interaction, the limits of UI-only operation, the absence of a practical deployment architecture, and brittleness in dynamic environments. MAI-UI addresses these issues with a unified methodology: a self-evolving data pipeline that expands the navigation data to include user interaction and MCP tool calls, a native device-cloud collaboration system routes execution by task state, and an online RL framework with advanced optimizations to scale parallel environments and context length. MAI-UI establishes new state-of-the-art across GUI grounding and mobile navigation. On grounding benchmarks, it reaches 73.5% on ScreenSpot-Pro, 91.3% on MMBench GUI L2, 70.9% on OSWorld-G, and 49.2% on UI-Vision, surpassing Gemini-3-Pro and Seed1.8 on ScreenSpot-Pro. On mobile GUI navigation, it sets a new SOTA of 76.7% on AndroidWorld, surpassing UI-Tars-2, Gemini-2.5-Pro and Seed1.8. On MobileWorld, MAI-UI obtains 41.7% success rate, significantly outperforming end-to-end GUI models and competitive with Gemini-3-Pro based agentic frameworks. Our online RL experiments show significant gains from scaling parallel environments from 32 to 512 (+5.2 points) and increasing environment step budget from 15 to 50 (+4.3 points). Finally, the native device-cloud collaboration system improves on-device performance by 33%, reduces cloud model calls by over 40%, and preserves user privacy.

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Hanzhang Zhou, Xu Zhang, Panrong Tong, Jianan Zhang, Liangyu Chen, Quyu Kong, Chenglin Cai, Chen Liu, Yue Wang, Jingren Zhou, Steven Hoi. 2025-12-26. MAI-UI Technical Report: Real-World Centric Foundation GUI Agents. https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.22047

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