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arXiv · 2601.19565

Development of Low-Noise Two-stage dc-SQUID for TES Detector Readout

Nan Li·Mengjie Song·Sixiao Hu·Wentao Wu·Songqing Liu·Tangchong Kuang·Yudong Gu·Xiangxiang Ren·Xufang Li·He Gao·Zhengwei Li·Congzhan Liu
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Abstract

Direct-current superconducting quantum interference devices (dc-SQUIDs) are one of the most sensitive magnetic detectors. These sensors are extensively used in the readout of superconducting transition edge sensors (TESs), which are used for the detection of weak signals. A cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization telescope operating in 22-48 GHz is currently under developing. The TESs calorimeter of the telescope will be readout by a time-division multiplexer (TDM) SQUID readout system. We develop a two-stage dc-SQUID amplifier circuit, comprising an input-stage SQUID with 4 SQUID cells and a series SQUID array (SSA) with 100 SQUID cells. This configuration has been shown to achieve extremely high signal gain while effectively controlling system noise. We assess the system noise at $300$ $mK$ in an adiabatic demagnetisation refrigerator (ADR). The the measured magnetic flux noise of the two-stage SQUID circuit system is approximately $0.3$ ${\mu}\Phi_{0}/\sqrt{Hz}$ at $10$ $kHz$. The current noise equivalent to the input coil of input SQUID is about $2.4$ $pA/\sqrt{Hz}$. This result meets the low-noise readout requirements of the CMB TES and other applications with TES detectors.

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Nan Li, Mengjie Song, Sixiao Hu, Wentao Wu, Songqing Liu, Tangchong Kuang, Yudong Gu, Xiangxiang Ren, Xufang Li, He Gao, Zhengwei Li, Congzhan Liu. 2026-01-27. Development of Low-Noise Two-stage dc-SQUID for TES Detector Readout. https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.19565

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