A Fourier-Space Approach to Physics-Informed Magnetization Reconstruction from Nitrogen-Vacancy Measurements

Alexander Setescak; Florian Bruckner; Dieter Suess; Young-Gwan Choi; Hayden Binger; Lotte Boer; Chenhui Zhang; Hyunsoo Yang; Claire Donnelly; Uri Vool; Claas Abert

arXiv · 2602.17180

A Fourier-Space Approach to Physics-Informed Magnetization Reconstruction from Nitrogen-Vacancy Measurements

Alexander Setescak·Florian Bruckner·Dieter Suess·Young-Gwan Choi·Hayden Binger·Lotte Boer·Chenhui Zhang·Hyunsoo Yang·Claire Donnelly·Uri Vool·Claas Abert

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Abstract

Reconstructing magnetization textures from nitrogen-vacancy (NV) magnetometry stray-field measurements is a challenging, fundamentally ill-posed inverse problem, further complicated by the unknown effective distance between sensor and magnetic material. Here we show that incorporating a micromagnetic energy functional directly into the inversion filters out unphysical, high-energy configurations, while Fourier-space upward continuation of the stray field allows us to simultaneously fit the distance. Applied to measurements of the van der Waals ferromagnet Fe$_{3-x}$GaTe$_2$, it recovers an effective distance estimate of approximately 81nm and low-energy configurations that reproduce the observed field. More broadly, embedding physics directly into the reconstruction turns ill-posed magnetic inverse problems into transparent, interpretable reconstructions, with applicability well beyond NV magnetometry.

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Alexander Setescak, Florian Bruckner, Dieter Suess, Young-Gwan Choi, Hayden Binger, Lotte Boer, Chenhui Zhang, Hyunsoo Yang, Claire Donnelly, Uri Vool, Claas Abert. 2026-02-19. A Fourier-Space Approach to Physics-Informed Magnetization Reconstruction from Nitrogen-Vacancy Measurements. https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.17180

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