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arXiv · 2608.01928

PHY-Layer Modeling and Throughput-Driven Adaptation for Batteryless V2X Networks

Zhaoyu Liu·Ruikang Li·Liu Cao·YuKun Pan·Xiangkai Wang·Lyutianyang Zhang
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Abstract

Passive overlay communication for batteryless devices is an important enabling capability for next-generation vehicle-to-everything (V2X) networks. However, enabling reliable passive payload delivery without occupying additional spectrum remains challenging, since overlay signaling must be embedded into short and time-varying vehicular packets while preserving the decodability of the legacy host transmission. This paper investigates a packetized batteryless V2X overlay architecture in which a dedicated short-range communications (DSRC)-based packet simultaneously carries conventional V2X data and a passive overlay payload. A compact PHY-layer model is developed to characterize the coupled effects of attenuation depth, embedded-bit rate, and legacy modulation and coding scheme (MCS) on host-link and passive-link reliability, as well as packet-level embedding feasibility. We then formulate a sum-throughput maximization problem that jointly accounts for the legacy packet error rate and passive decoding error rate. We further propose a multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL)-based adaptive parameter-selection method. Simulation results show that the proposed MARL controller achieves stable convergence and improves the average throughput by 15\%, demonstrating the effectiveness of throughput-driven PHY adaptation for batteryless V2X overlay communications.

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Zhaoyu Liu, Ruikang Li, Liu Cao, YuKun Pan, Xiangkai Wang, Lyutianyang Zhang. 2026-08-03. PHY-Layer Modeling and Throughput-Driven Adaptation for Batteryless V2X Networks. https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.01928

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