UI-Venus-2 Technical Report

Venus Team; Zhuohan Cai; Haoxing Chen; Jiaxuan Chen; Weizhi Chen; Changlong Gao; Zhangxuan Gu; Yuan Guo; Yusong Hu; Jianrong Jiang; Jianguo Li; Runze Li; Jinzhen Lin; Zhenyu Ma; Changhua Meng; Han Peng; Xinyu Qiu; Shuheng Shen; Zhongyi Shui; Weiqiang Wang; Ming Wen; Zhuoer Xu; Hang Yan; Kaiwen Yang; Ruilin Yao; Nanjun Yu; Zhengwen Zeng; Lianrui Zhang; Yunzhu Zhang; Zhe Zhao; Beitong Zhou

arXiv · 2609.00028

UI-Venus-2 Technical Report

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Abstract

Multimodal GUI agents have emerged as a promising paradigm for digital task automation, yet transitioning from benchmark-oriented models to dependable real-world applications remains challenging due to limited environment coverage, brittle task construction, and unreliable reward verification. In this work, we present UI-Venus-2, a general-purpose foundation GUI agent designed to operate across mobile, web, and desktop environments through a unified closed-loop reasoning-action framework. To bridge the gap toward practical deployment, we jointly scale three critical dimensions: (1) Environments, expanding coverage to more than 170 multilingual mobile apps and native desktop operating systems; (2) Tasks, employing a deep-research pipeline for function-grounded instruction generation; and (3) Verification, adopting trace-level and sample-level evaluators with visual keypoints and multi-model voting to ensure reliable RL signals for training. Furthermore, we integrate safety-aware mechanisms to ensure controlled execution of consequential actions. By offering a capable, efficient, and open-source foundation, UI-Venus-2 advances the field toward more generalizable, verifiable, and self-reflective agents for real-world applications.

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Venus Team, Zhuohan Cai, Haoxing Chen, Jiaxuan Chen, Weizhi Chen, Changlong Gao, Zhangxuan Gu, Yuan Guo, Yusong Hu, Jianrong Jiang, Jianguo Li, Runze Li, Jinzhen Lin, Zhenyu Ma, Changhua Meng, Han Peng, Xinyu Qiu, Shuheng Shen, Zhongyi Shui, Weiqiang Wang, Ming Wen, Zhuoer Xu, Hang Yan, Kaiwen Yang, Ruilin Yao, Nanjun Yu, Zhengwen Zeng, Lianrui Zhang, Yunzhu Zhang, Zhe Zhao, Beitong Zhou. 2026-08-27. UI-Venus-2 Technical Report. https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.00028

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