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arXiv · 2503.07923

The Spectroscopic Stage-5 Experiment

Robert Besuner·Arjun Dey·Alex Drlica-Wagner·Haruki Ebina·Guillermo Fernandez Moroni·Simone Ferraro·Jaime Forero-Romero·Klaus Honscheid·Pat Jelinsky·Dustin Lang·Michael Levi·Paul Martini·Adam Myers·Nathalie Palanque-Delabrouille·Swayamtrupta Panda·Claire Poppett·Noah Sailer·David Schlegel·Arman Shafieloo·Joseph Silber·Martin White·Timothy Abbott·Lori Allen·Santiago Avila·Roberto Avilés·Stephen Bailey·Abby Bault·Mohamed Bouri·Konstantina Boutsia·Eienne Burtin·Fernando Chierchie·William Coulton·Kyle Dawson·Biprateep Dey·Olivier Doré·Patrick Dunlop·Daniel Eisenstein·Castorina Emanuele·Stephanie Escoffier·Juan Estrada·Parker Fagrelius·Kevin Fanning·Timothy Fanning·Andreu Font-Ribera·Joshua Frieman·Malak Galal·Vera Gluscevic·Satya Gontcho A Gontcho·Daniel Green·Gaston Gutierrez·Julien Guy·Kevan Hashemi·Steve Heathcote·Steve Holland·Jiamin Hou·Dragan Huterer·Blas Irigoyen Gimenez·Mikhail Ivanov·Richard Joyce·Eric Jullo·Stephanie Juneau·Claire Juramy·Armin Karcher·Stephen Kent·David Kirkby·Jean-Paul Kneib·Elisabeth Krause·Alex Krolewski·Ofer Lahav·Agustin Lapi·Alexie Leauthaud·Matthew Lewandowski·Ting Li·Kenneth Lin·Marilena Loverde·Sean MacBride·Christophe Magneville·Jennifer Marshall·Patrick McDonald·Timothy Miller·John Moustakas·Moritz Münchmeyer·Joan Najita·Jeff Newman·Will Percival·Oliver Philcox·Priscila Pires·Anand Raichoor·Brandon Roach·Constance Rockosi·Maxime Rombach·Ashley Ross·Eusebio Sanchez·Luke Schmidt·Michael Schubnell·Rebekah Sebok·Uros Seljak·Eva Silverstein·Zachay Slepian·Chris Stone
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Abstract

The existence, properties, and dynamics of the dark sectors of our universe pose fundamental challenges to our current model of physics, and large-scale astronomical surveys may be our only hope to unravel these long-standing mysteries. In this white paper, we describe the science motivation, instrumentation, and survey plan for the next-generation spectroscopic observatory, the Stage-5 Spectroscopic Experiment (Spec-S5). Spec-S5 is a new all-sky spectroscopic instrument optimized to efficiently carry out cosmological surveys of unprecedented scale and precision. The baseline plan for Spec-S5 involves upgrading two existing 4-m telescopes to new 6-m wide-field facilities, each with a highly multiplexed spectroscopic instrument capable of simultaneously measuring the spectra of 13,000 astronomical targets. Spec-S5, which builds and improves on the hardware used for previous cosmology experiments, represents a cost-effective and rapid approach to realizing a more than 10$\times$ gain in spectroscopic capability compared to the current state-of-the-art represented by the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument project (DESI). Spec-S5 will provide a critical scientific capability in the post-Rubin and post-DESI era for advancing cosmology, fundamental physics, and astrophysics in the 2030s.

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Robert Besuner, Arjun Dey, Alex Drlica-Wagner, Haruki Ebina, Guillermo Fernandez Moroni, Simone Ferraro, Jaime Forero-Romero, Klaus Honscheid, Pat Jelinsky, Dustin Lang, Michael Levi, Paul Martini, Adam Myers, Nathalie Palanque-Delabrouille, Swayamtrupta Panda, Claire Poppett, Noah Sailer, David Schlegel, Arman Shafieloo, Joseph Silber, Martin White, Timothy Abbott, Lori Allen, Santiago Avila, Roberto Avilés, Stephen Bailey, Abby Bault, Mohamed Bouri, Konstantina Boutsia, Eienne Burtin, Fernando Chierchie, William Coulton, Kyle Dawson, Biprateep Dey, Olivier Doré, Patrick Dunlop, Daniel Eisenstein, Castorina Emanuele, Stephanie Escoffier, Juan Estrada, Parker Fagrelius, Kevin Fanning, Timothy Fanning, Andreu Font-Ribera, Joshua Frieman, Malak Galal, Vera Gluscevic, Satya Gontcho A Gontcho, Daniel Green, Gaston Gutierrez, Julien Guy, Kevan Hashemi, Steve Heathcote, Steve Holland, Jiamin Hou, Dragan Huterer, Blas Irigoyen Gimenez, Mikhail Ivanov, Richard Joyce, Eric Jullo, Stephanie Juneau, Claire Juramy, Armin Karcher, Stephen Kent, David Kirkby, Jean-Paul Kneib, Elisabeth Krause, Alex Krolewski, Ofer Lahav, Agustin Lapi, Alexie Leauthaud, Matthew Lewandowski, Ting Li, Kenneth Lin, Marilena Loverde, Sean MacBride, Christophe Magneville, Jennifer Marshall, Patrick McDonald, Timothy Miller, John Moustakas, Moritz Münchmeyer, Joan Najita, Jeff Newman, Will Percival, Oliver Philcox, Priscila Pires, Anand Raichoor, Brandon Roach, Constance Rockosi, Maxime Rombach, Ashley Ross, Eusebio Sanchez, Luke Schmidt, Michael Schubnell, Rebekah Sebok, Uros Seljak, Eva Silverstein, Zachay Slepian, Chris Stone. 2025-03-10. The Spectroscopic Stage-5 Experiment. https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.07923

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