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arXiv · 2505.01978

Generation of 95-qubit genuine entanglement and verification of symmetry-protected topological phases

Tao Jiang·Jianbin Cai·Junxiang Huang·Naibin Zhou·Yukun Zhang·Jiahao Bei·Guoqing Cai·Sirui Cao·Fusheng Chen·Jiang Chen·Kefu Chen·Xiawei Chen·Xiqing Chen·Zhe Chen·Zhiyuan Chen·Zihua Chen·Wenhao Chu·Hui Deng·Zhibin Deng·Pei Ding·Xun Ding·Zhuzhengqi Ding·Shuai Dong·Bo Fan·Daojin Fan·Yuanhao Fu·Dongxin Gao·Lei Ge·Jiacheng Gui·Cheng Guo·Shaojun Guo·Xiaoyang Guo·Lianchen Han·Tan He·Linyin Hong·Yisen Hu·He-Liang Huang·Yong-Heng Huo·Zuokai Jiang·Honghong Jin·Yunxiang Leng·Dayu Li·Dongdong Li·Fangyu Li·Jiaqi Li·Jinjin Li·Junyan Li·Junyun Li·Na Li·Shaowei Li·Wei Li·Yuhuai Li·Yuan Li·Futian Liang·Xuelian Liang·Nanxing Liao·Jin Lin·Weiping Lin·Dailin Liu·Hongxiu Liu·Maliang Liu·Xinyu Liu·Xuemeng Liu·Yancheng Liu·Haoxin Lou·Yuwei Ma·Lingxin Meng·Hao Mou·Kailiang Nan·Binghan Nie·Meijuan Nie·Jie Ning·Le Niu·Wenyi Peng·Haoran Qian·Hao Rong·Tao Rong·Huiyan Shen·Qiong Shen·Hong Su·Feifan Su·Chenyin Sun·Liangchao Sun·Tianzuo Sun·Yingxiu Sun·Yimeng Tan·Jun Tan·Longyue Tang·Wenbing Tu·Jiafei Wang·Biao Wang·Chang Wang·Chen Wang·Chu Wang·Jian Wang·Liangyuan Wang·Rui Wang·Shengtao Wang·Xiaomin Wang·Xinzhe Wang
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Abstract

Symmetry-protected topological (SPT) phases are fundamental features of cluster states, serving as key resources for measurement-based quantum computation (MBQC). Generating large-scale cluster states and verifying their SPT phases are essential steps toward practical MBQC, which however still presents significant experimental challenges. In this work, we address these challenges by utilizing advanced superconducting hardware with optimized gate operations, enhanced readout fidelity, and error mitigation techniques. We successfully generate and verify 95-qubit one-dimensional and 72-qubit two-dimensional genuine entangled cluster states, achieving fidelities of $0.5603 \pm 0.0084$ and $0.5519 \pm 0.0054$, respectively. Leveraging these high-fidelity cluster states, we investigate SPT phases through quantum teleportation across all 95 qubits and demonstrate input-state-dependent robustness against symmetry-breaking perturbations, highlighting the practicality and intrinsic robustness of MBQC enabled by the SPT order. Our results represent a significant advancement in large-scale entanglement generation and topological phase simulation, laying the foundation for scalable and practical MBQC using superconducting quantum systems.

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Tao Jiang, Jianbin Cai, Junxiang Huang, Naibin Zhou, Yukun Zhang, Jiahao Bei, Guoqing Cai, Sirui Cao, Fusheng Chen, Jiang Chen, Kefu Chen, Xiawei Chen, Xiqing Chen, Zhe Chen, Zhiyuan Chen, Zihua Chen, Wenhao Chu, Hui Deng, Zhibin Deng, Pei Ding, Xun Ding, Zhuzhengqi Ding, Shuai Dong, Bo Fan, Daojin Fan, Yuanhao Fu, Dongxin Gao, Lei Ge, Jiacheng Gui, Cheng Guo, Shaojun Guo, Xiaoyang Guo, Lianchen Han, Tan He, Linyin Hong, Yisen Hu, He-Liang Huang, Yong-Heng Huo, Zuokai Jiang, Honghong Jin, Yunxiang Leng, Dayu Li, Dongdong Li, Fangyu Li, Jiaqi Li, Jinjin Li, Junyan Li, Junyun Li, Na Li, Shaowei Li, Wei Li, Yuhuai Li, Yuan Li, Futian Liang, Xuelian Liang, Nanxing Liao, Jin Lin, Weiping Lin, Dailin Liu, Hongxiu Liu, Maliang Liu, Xinyu Liu, Xuemeng Liu, Yancheng Liu, Haoxin Lou, Yuwei Ma, Lingxin Meng, Hao Mou, Kailiang Nan, Binghan Nie, Meijuan Nie, Jie Ning, Le Niu, Wenyi Peng, Haoran Qian, Hao Rong, Tao Rong, Huiyan Shen, Qiong Shen, Hong Su, Feifan Su, Chenyin Sun, Liangchao Sun, Tianzuo Sun, Yingxiu Sun, Yimeng Tan, Jun Tan, Longyue Tang, Wenbing Tu, Jiafei Wang, Biao Wang, Chang Wang, Chen Wang, Chu Wang, Jian Wang, Liangyuan Wang, Rui Wang, Shengtao Wang, Xiaomin Wang, Xinzhe Wang. 2025-05-04. Generation of 95-qubit genuine entanglement and verification of symmetry-protected topological phases. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-026-03179-6

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