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arXiv · 2507.06261

Gemini 2.5: Pushing the Frontier with Advanced Reasoning, Multimodality, Long Context, and Next Generation Agentic Capabilities

Gheorghe Comanici·Eric Bieber·Mike Schaekermann·Ice Pasupat·Noveen Sachdeva·Inderjit Dhillon·Marcel Blistein·Ori Ram·Dan Zhang·Evan Rosen·Luke Marris·Sam Petulla·Colin Gaffney·Asaf Aharoni·Nathan Lintz·Tiago Cardal Pais·Henrik Jacobsson·Idan Szpektor·Nan-Jiang Jiang·Krishna Haridasan·Ahmed Omran·Nikunj Saunshi·Dara Bahri·Gaurav Mishra·Eric Chu·Toby Boyd·Brad Hekman·Aaron Parisi·Chaoyi Zhang·Kornraphop Kawintiranon·Tania Bedrax-Weiss·Oliver Wang·Ya Xu·Ollie Purkiss·Uri Mendlovic·Ilaï Deutel·Nam Nguyen·Adam Langley·Flip Korn·Lucia Rossazza·Alexandre Ramé·Sagar Waghmare·Helen Miller·Nathan Byrd·Ashrith Sheshan·Raia Hadsell·Sangnie Bhardwaj·Pawel Janus·Tero Rissa·Dan Horgan·Alvin Abdagic·Lior Belenki·James Allingham·Anima Singh·Theo Guidroz·Srivatsan Srinivasan·Herman Schmit·Kristen Chiafullo·Andre Elisseeff·Nilpa Jha·Prateek Kolhar·Leonard Berrada·Frank Ding·Xiance Si·Shrestha Basu Mallick·Franz Och·Sofia Erell·Eric Ni·Tejasi Latkar·Sherry Yang·Petar Sirkovic·Ziqiang Feng·Robert Leland·Rachel Hornung·Gang Wu·Charles Blundell·Hamidreza Alvari·Po-Sen Huang·Cathy Yip·Sanja Deur·Li Liu·Gabriela Surita·Pablo Duque·Dima Damen·Johnson Jia·Arthur Guez·Markus Mircea·Animesh Sinha·Alberto Magni·Paweł Stradomski·Tal Marian·Vlado Galić·Wenhu Chen·Hisham Husain·Achintya Singhal·Dominik Grewe·François-Xavier Aubet·Shuang Song·Lorenzo Blanco·Leland Rechis
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Abstract

In this report, we introduce the Gemini 2.X model family: Gemini 2.5 Pro and Gemini 2.5 Flash, as well as our earlier Gemini 2.0 Flash and Flash-Lite models. Gemini 2.5 Pro is our most capable model yet, achieving SoTA performance on frontier coding and reasoning benchmarks. In addition to its incredible coding and reasoning skills, Gemini 2.5 Pro is a thinking model that excels at multimodal understanding and it is now able to process up to 3 hours of video content. Its unique combination of long context, multimodal and reasoning capabilities can be combined to unlock new agentic workflows. Gemini 2.5 Flash provides excellent reasoning abilities at a fraction of the compute and latency requirements and Gemini 2.0 Flash and Flash-Lite provide high performance at low latency and cost. Taken together, the Gemini 2.X model generation spans the full Pareto frontier of model capability vs cost, allowing users to explore the boundaries of what is possible with complex agentic problem solving.

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Gheorghe Comanici, Eric Bieber, Mike Schaekermann, Ice Pasupat, Noveen Sachdeva, Inderjit Dhillon, Marcel Blistein, Ori Ram, Dan Zhang, Evan Rosen, Luke Marris, Sam Petulla, Colin Gaffney, Asaf Aharoni, Nathan Lintz, Tiago Cardal Pais, Henrik Jacobsson, Idan Szpektor, Nan-Jiang Jiang, Krishna Haridasan, Ahmed Omran, Nikunj Saunshi, Dara Bahri, Gaurav Mishra, Eric Chu, Toby Boyd, Brad Hekman, Aaron Parisi, Chaoyi Zhang, Kornraphop Kawintiranon, Tania Bedrax-Weiss, Oliver Wang, Ya Xu, Ollie Purkiss, Uri Mendlovic, Ilaï Deutel, Nam Nguyen, Adam Langley, Flip Korn, Lucia Rossazza, Alexandre Ramé, Sagar Waghmare, Helen Miller, Nathan Byrd, Ashrith Sheshan, Raia Hadsell, Sangnie Bhardwaj, Pawel Janus, Tero Rissa, Dan Horgan, Alvin Abdagic, Lior Belenki, James Allingham, Anima Singh, Theo Guidroz, Srivatsan Srinivasan, Herman Schmit, Kristen Chiafullo, Andre Elisseeff, Nilpa Jha, Prateek Kolhar, Leonard Berrada, Frank Ding, Xiance Si, Shrestha Basu Mallick, Franz Och, Sofia Erell, Eric Ni, Tejasi Latkar, Sherry Yang, Petar Sirkovic, Ziqiang Feng, Robert Leland, Rachel Hornung, Gang Wu, Charles Blundell, Hamidreza Alvari, Po-Sen Huang, Cathy Yip, Sanja Deur, Li Liu, Gabriela Surita, Pablo Duque, Dima Damen, Johnson Jia, Arthur Guez, Markus Mircea, Animesh Sinha, Alberto Magni, Paweł Stradomski, Tal Marian, Vlado Galić, Wenhu Chen, Hisham Husain, Achintya Singhal, Dominik Grewe, François-Xavier Aubet, Shuang Song, Lorenzo Blanco, Leland Rechis. 2025-07-07. Gemini 2.5: Pushing the Frontier with Advanced Reasoning, Multimodality, Long Context, and Next Generation Agentic Capabilities. https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.06261

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