arXiv · 2404.03111
PDRs4All VIII: Mid-IR emission line inventory of the Orion Bar
Abstract
Mid-infrared emission features probe the properties of ionized gas, and hot or warm molecular gas. The Orion Bar is a frequently studied photodissociation region (PDR) containing large amounts of gas under these conditions, and was observed with the MIRI IFU aboard JWST as part of the "PDRs4All" program. The resulting IR spectroscopic images of high angular resolution (0.2") reveal a rich observational inventory of mid-IR emission lines, and spatially resolve the substructure of the PDR, with a mosaic cutting perpendicularly across the ionization front and three dissociation fronts. We extracted five spectra that represent the ionized, atomic, and molecular gas layers, and measured the most prominent gas emission lines. An initial analysis summarizes the physical conditions of the gas and the potential of these data. We identified around 100 lines, report an additional 18 lines that remain unidentified, and measured the line intensities and central wavelengths. The H I recombination lines originating from the ionized gas layer bordering the PDR, have intensity ratios that are well matched by emissivity coefficients from H recombination theory, but deviate up to 10% due contamination by He I lines. We report the observed emission lines of various ionization stages of Ne, P, S, Cl, Ar, Fe, and Ni, and show how certain line ratios vary between the five regions. We observe the pure-rotational H$_2$ lines in the vibrational ground state from 0-0 S(1) to 0-0 S(8), and in the first vibrationally excited state from 1-1 S(5) to 1-1 S(9). We derive H$_2$ excitation diagrams, and approximate the excitation with one thermal (~700 K) component representative of an average gas temperature, and one non-thermal component (~2700 K) probing the effect of UV pumping. We compare these results to an existing model for the Orion Bar PDR and highlight the differences with the observations.
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Dries Van De Putte, Raphael Meshaka, Boris Trahin, Emilie Habart, Els Peeters, Olivier Berné, Felipe Alarcón, Amélie Canin, Ryan Chown, Ilane Schroetter, Ameek Sidhu, Christiaan Boersma, Emeric Bron, Emmanuel Dartois, Javier R. Goicoechea, Karl D. Gordon, Takashi Onaka, Alexander G. G. M. Tielens, Laurent Verstraete, Mark G. Wolfire, Alain Abergel, Edwin A. Bergin, Jeronimo Bernard-Salas, Jan Cami, Sara Cuadrado, Daniel Dicken, Meriem Elyajouri, Asunción Fuente, Christine Joblin, Baria Khan, Ozan Lacinbala, David Languignon, Romane Le Gal, Alexandros Maragkoudakis, Yoko Okada, Sofia Pasquini, Marc W. Pound, Massimo Robberto, Markus Röllig, Bethany Schefter, Thiébaut Schirmer, Benoit Tabone, Sílvia Vicente, Marion Zannese, Sean W. J. Colgan, Jinhua He, Gaël Rouillé, Aditya Togi, Isabel Aleman, Rebecca Auchettl, Giuseppe Antonio Baratta, Salma Bejaoui, Partha P. Bera, John H. Black, Francois Boulanger, Jordy Bouwman, Bernhard Brandl, Philippe Brechignac, Sandra Brünken, Mridusmita Buragohain, Andrew Burkhardt, Alessandra Candian, Stéphanie Cazaux, Jose Cernicharo, Marin Chabot, Shubhadip Chakraborty, Jason Champion, Ilsa R. Cooke, Audrey Coutens, Nick L. J. Cox, Karine Demyk, Jennifer Donovan Meyer, Sacha Foschino, Pedro García-Lario, Maryvonne Gerin, Carl A. Gottlieb, Pierre Guillard, Antoine Gusdorf, Patrick Hartigan, Eric Herbst, Liv Hornekaer, Lina Issa, Cornelia Jäger, Eduardo Janot-Pacheco, Olga Kannavou, Michael Kaufman, Francisca Kemper, Sarah Kendrew, Maria S. Kirsanova, Pamela Klaassen, Sun Kwok, Álvaro Labiano, Thomas S. -Y. Lai, Bertrand Le Floch, Franck Le Petit, Aigen Li, Hendrik Linz, Cameron J. Mackie, Suzanne C. Madden, Joëlle Mascetti. 2024-04-03. PDRs4All VIII: Mid-IR emission line inventory of the Orion Bar. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202449295
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