arXiv · 2510.06616
Design, waterproofing, and mass production of the 3-inch PMT frontend system of JUNO
Abstract
Over 25,600 3-inch photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) have been instrumented for the central detector of the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory. Each PMT is equipped with a high-voltage divider and a frontend cable with waterproof sealing. Groups of sixteen PMTs are connected to the underwater frontend readout electronics via specialized multi-channel waterproof connectors. This paper outlines the design and mass production processes for the high-voltage divider, the cable and connector, as well as the waterproof potting of the PMT bases. The results of the acceptance tests of all the integrated PMTs are also presented.
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Jilei Xu, Miao He, Cédric Cerna, Yongbo Huang, Thomas Adam, Shakeel Ahmad, Rizwan Ahmed, Fengpeng An, Costas Andreopoulos, Giuseppe Andronico, João Pedro Athayde Marcondes de André, Nikolay Anfimov, Vito Antonelli, Tatiana Antoshkina, Didier Auguste, Weidong Bai, Nikita Balashov, Andrea Barresi, Davide Basilico, Eric Baussan, Marco Beretta, Antonio Bergnoli, Nikita Bessonov, Daniel Bick, Lukas Bieger, Svetlana Biktemerova, Thilo Birkenfeld, Simon Blyth, Anastasia Bolshakova, Mathieu Bongrand, Matteo Borghesi, Dominique Breton, Augusto Brigatti, Riccardo Brugnera, Riccardo Bruno, Antonio Budano, Jose Busto, Marcel Büchner, Anatael Cabrera, Barbara Caccianiga, Hao Cai, Xiao Cai, Yanke Cai, Zhiyan Cai, Stéphane Callier, Steven Calvez, Antonio Cammi, Chuanya Cao, Guofu Cao, Jun Cao, Yaoqi Cao, Rossella Caruso, Vanessa Cerrone, Jinfan Chang, Yun Chang, Auttakit Chatrabhuti, Chao Chen, Guoming Chen, Jiahui Chen, Jian Chen, Jing Chen, Junyou Chen, Pingping Chen, Shaomin Chen, Shiqiang Chen, Xin Chen, Yiming Chen, Yixue Chen, Yu Chen, Ze Chen, Zhangming Chen, Zhiyuan Chen, Jie Cheng, Yaping Cheng, Yu Chin Cheng, Alexander Chepurnov, Alexey Chetverikov, Davide Chiesa, Pietro Chimenti, Po-Lin Chou, Ziliang Chu, Artem Chukanov, Gérard Claverie, Catia Clementi, Barbara Clerbaux, Claudio Coletta, Simon Csakli, Chenyang Cui, Olivia Dalager, Zhi Deng, Ziyan Deng, Xiaoyu Ding, Xuefeng Ding, Yayun Ding, Bayu Dirgantara, Carsten Dittrich, Sergey Dmitrievsky, David Doerflinger, Dmitry Dolzhikov, Haojie Dong. 2025-10-08. Design, waterproofing, and mass production of the 3-inch PMT frontend system of JUNO. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2026.171301
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